合成路线1

合成路线2

The synthesis of RFCNU from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-beta-D-ribosyl bromide (III) has been described, as well as the preparation of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-beta-D-ribosyl bromide from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribosyl-furanose (I). Briefly, the synthesis is as follows: A cold solution of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose (I) in dry pyridine is stirred and treated with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (A). Workup gives 2,3-O-isopropylene-1,5-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-D-ribofuranose (II), which is crystallized from methylene chloride/ether. (II) is added in portions to a dry solution of methylene chloride saturated with HBr at 0 C and stirred for 0.5 h. It is warmed to room temperature, the precipitated p-nitrobenzoic acid removed by filtration (under argon) and the filtrate concentrated. Addition of petroleum ether/diethyl ether and partial concentration by vacuum gives crystals of 2,3-isopropylidene-5-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-beta-ribosyl bromide (III). (III), dissolved in toluene, is reacted with silver isocyanate and refluxed under nitrogen. Silver bromide is filtered off and the filtrate concentrated by evaporation, yielding an oil. Dissolution of the oil in acetonitrile and cooling to -40 C yields crystals of isocyanato-1-O-isopropylidene-2,3-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-5-D-ribofuranose (IV). (IV) is reacted with an aqueous solution of 2-chloroethylamine (B) and the solution extracted with benzene. The organic base is separated, dried and refrigerated. Warming gives a yellow oil, which is treated with ethanol to give crystalline (chloro-2-ethyl)-1-(ribofuranosylisopropylidene-2',3'-p-nitrobenzoate-5')-3-urea (V). (V) is dissolved in methylene chloride, cooled to -40 C and an excess of liquid nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) is added with stirring. Addition of a mixture of chloroform and petroleum ether gives crystals of (chloro-2-ethyl)-1-(ribofuranosylisopropylidene-2',3'-p-nitrobenzoate-5')-3-nitrosourea (RFCNU). The synthesis may be modified to yield either the alpha or beta anomer. Both anomeric forms have shown the same antitumor activity.

合成路线3

The condensation of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (I) with piperazine (II) in water by means of KOH gives 4-nitrobenzoylpiperazine (III), which is reduced with H2 over Pd/C in methanol yielding 4-aminobenzoyl piperazine (IV). The condensation of (IV) with 4-chloro-7-trifluoromethylquinoline (V) by means of HCl in refluxing ethanol affords 4-[4-[[7-(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinyl]amino]benzoyl]piperazine (VI), which is finally acylated with 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (VII) by means of triethylamine in THF.

合成路线4

The condensation of methyl 5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetate (I) with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (II) by means of NaH in toluene gives methyl 1-(p-nItrobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetate (III), which is hydrolyzed with p-toluenesulfonic acid in refluxing acetic acid yielding the corresponding free acid (IV). The reduction of (IV) with H2 over Pd/C in methanol affords 1-(p-aminobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl indole-3-acetic acid (V) , which is finally treated with NaNO2 and HCl in acetic acid, and with NaN3 in water.

合成路线5

Epoxidation of trans-cinnamyl alcohol (A) gives compound (I), which in turn is reacted with sodium 2-ethoxyphenate (B) to give the diol (II). The primary alcoholic group of (II) is reacted with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride to obtain (III), and (IV) is prepared by treatment of (III) with methanesulfonyl chloride. By treatment of (IV) with sodium hydroxide in an aqueous/dioxane solution the epoxide (V) is obtained in high yield, and this reaction causes inversion of configuration at C-2 carbon atom. Treatment of (V) with aqueous methanolic ammonia gives (VI), which in turn is acylated to (VII) with chloroacetyl chloride and cyclized to morpholone (VIII) with potassium tert-butoxide. The reduction to the final compound FCE-20124 is performed with [sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride] (RED-AL) in toluene.

合成路线6

The sulfonation of methyl N-trifluoroacetyldaunosaminide (I) with mesyl chloride or with 4-bromophenylsulfonyl chloride in pyridine gives the corresponding 4-O-mesyl derivative (II) or 4-O-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl) derivative (IIa); both compounds by reaction with NaI in refluxing butanone yield the 4-iodo compound (III). The hydrogenation of (III) with H2 over Pd/C in methanol, followed by hydrolysis with hot acetic acid yields 4-deoxy-N-trifluoroacetyldaunosaminide (IV), which is esterified with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride in pyridine affording the corresponding p-nitrobenzoyl ester (V). The reaction of (V) with dry HCl in methylene chloride gives 1,4-dideoxy-N-trifluoroacetyldanosaminide (VI), which is condensed with daunomycinone (VII) by means of silver trifluoromethylsulfonate in methylene chloride and hydrolyzed with NaOH to afford 4'-deoxy-daunomycine (VIII). The bromination of (VIII) with Br2 in methanol-dioxane gives 4'-deoxy-14-bromodaunomycine (IX), which is finally hydrolyzed with aqueous sodium formate.

合成路线7

Condensation of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (I) with 2-nitrobenzenamine (II) in boiling dioxane yields N-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-nitrobenzamide (III), which is catalytically reduced by H2 over Pd/C in dimethylfomamide.

合成路线8

4-Nitrobenzoylchloride (I) is condensed with 2,6-dimethylaniline (II) in the presence of base (potassium carbonate or triethylamine) to provide the 4-nitrobenzamide (III). Reduction of the aromatic nitro group in (III) using catalytic hydrogenation produces the corresponding 4-aminobenzamide, ameltolide.

合成路线9

1. The nitration of isosorbide (I) with fuming HNO3 in acetic acid/acetic anhydride gives the dinitrate (II), which is selectively monoreduced by means of diisopropyltitanium tetrahydroborate (obtained by reaction of disopropyltitanium dichloride with benzyltriethylammonium borohydride) in dichloromethane to afford the isosorbide 5-nitrate. 2. The reduction of dinitrate (II) can also be performed with benzyl triethyl ammonium tetrathiomolibdate in DMF. 3. The reduction of dinitrate (II) can also be performed with H2 over PtO2/C in methanol. 4. The reduction of dinitrate (II) can also be performed with cobalt phthalocyanine and NaBH4 in methanol. 5. The reduction of dinitrate (II) can also be performed with Zn and HOAc in ethanol/water. 6. The reduction of dinitrate (II) can also be performed with H2 over Pd/C and NiCl2 in ethanol/water. 7. The reaction of isosorbide (I) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (III) and pyridine in dichloromethane gives the isosorbide 2-O-(4-nitrobenzoate (IV), which is nitrated with HNO3 in acetic acid/acetic anhydride to yield the isosorbide 5-O-nitrate-2-O-(4-nitrobenzoate) (V). Finally, this compound is selectively hydrolyzed with KOH in methanol/dichloromethane.

合成路线10

The synthesis of CMDA (VII) was accomplished using a modified version of the published procedures: The di-tert-butyl 4-nitrobenzoyl-L-glutamate (II) was reduced to di-tert-butyl 4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamate (III) using transfer hydrogenation. The reductive amination of (III) with chloroethanal yielded the monofunctional di-tert-butyl 4-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzoyl-L-glutamate (IV), which was N-alkylated with ethylene oxide to give di-tert-butyl 4-[(2-chloroethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzoyl-L-glutamate (V). Reaction of (V) with methanesulfonyl chloride at 5 C yielded di-tert-butyl 4-[(2-chloroethyl)[2-(mesyloxy)ethyl]amino]benzoyl-L-glutamate (VI). Treatment of (VI) with formic acid followed by lyophilization gave the diacid, 4-[(2-chloroethyl)[2-(mesyloxy)ethyl]amino]benzoyl-L-glutamic acid (VII).

合成路线11

3-Chloropropionyl chloride (II) was condensed with 4-aminoveratrole (I) in the presence of triethylamine to give the chloropropionamide (III). Further alkylation of N-methyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine (IV) with (III) in refluxing acetonitrile afforded the aminopropionamide (V), which was subsequently reduced to diamine (VI) with LiAlH4 in boiling THF. Finally, acylation of (VI) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (VII) gave the target amide.

合成路线12

A new synthesis of OPC-31260 has been published: The reductocondensation of 1-tosyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzazepin-5-one (I) with methylamine and NaBH4 gives N-(1-tosyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzazepin-5-yl)-N-methylamine (II), which is methylated with formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride to yield N-(1-tosyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzazepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylamine (III). The hydrolysis of (III) with polyphosphoric acid affords N-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzazepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylamine (IV), which is acylated with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride to the expected benzoyl derivative (VI). The reduction of the nitro group of (VI) with H2 over Pd/C affords the corresponding 4-aminobenzoyl derivative (VII), which is finally acylated with 2-methylbenzoyl chloride by means of triethylamine in dichloromethane.

合成路线13

Acylation of 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucosamine (I) by means of pentachlorophenyl dichloroacetate (II) yielded the dichloroacetamide (III). Acylation of glucosamine (III) with acid chloride (IV) in pyridine/CH2Cl2 provided the 1-O-p-nitrobenzoyl derivative (V), which was treated with hydrogen bromide in CH2Cl2 to furnish glycosyl bromide (VI). Coupling of bromide (VI) with the glucosamine cyclic carbamate (VII) was performed in the presence of mercury(II) cyanide to afford the disaccharide (VIII). Alkaline hydrolysis of the dichloroacetamide and cyclic carbamate functions of (VIII) gave diamine (IX), which was subsequently acetylated to diamide (X) by means of acetic anhydride in pyridine.

合成路线14

A new synthesis of nelfinavir has been described: The protection of the amino group of the dioxolane derivative (I) with benzyl chloroformate and K2CO3 in toluene gives the carbamate (II), which is mesylated with MsCl and triethylamine in toluene yielding the mesylate (III). Reaction of compound (III) with thiophenol (IV) by means of tetrabutylammonium bromide and NaOH in toluene/water affords the thioether (V), which is treated with HCl in methanol/water to provide diol (VI). Protection of the primary OH group of (VI) with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride and 2-picoline yields the p-nitrobenzoate (VII), which is mesylated as before to afford the protected compound (VIII). The reaction of (VIII) with KOH in dioxane gives epoxide (IX), which is condensed with N-tert-butylperhydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide (X) in refluxing methanol to yield the addition product (XI). This compound (XI) can also be obtained by direct condensation of compound (VIII) with isoquinoline (X) by means of K2CO3 in methanol/water. Removal of the benzyloxycarbonyl group of (XI) with KOH in hot isopropanol affords compound (XII), which is condensed with 3-acetoxy-2-methylbenzoyl chloride (XIII) by means of NaHCO3 in ethyl acetate to give the corresponding amide (XIV). Finally, this compound is deacetylated with ammonia in methanol.

合成路线15

Condensation of benzodiazepinone (IV) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (V) afforded amide (VI), which was alkylated with ethyl bromoacetate in the presence of NaH to give (VII). The nitro group of (VII) was reduced to aniline (VIII) using Fe and AcOH. Subsequent coupling of (VIII) with the acid chloride generated from biphenyl carboxylic acid (III) and oxalyl chloride produced the corresponding amide (IX). The ester group of (IX) was then hydrolyzed with NaOH, and the resulting carboxylic acid (X) was finally condensed with N-methylpiperazine (XI) using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as the coupling reagents.

合成路线16

Alkylation of benzodiazepinone (I) with 3-(chloromethyl)- pyridine (II) in the presence of NaH gave the 1-substituted benzodiazepinone (III). Reduction of the amide group of (III) with borane in THF afforded benzodiazepine (IV). Subsequent condensation with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (V) gave nitrobenzamide (VI), which was reduced to amine (VII) by hydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C. This compound was coupled with acid chloride (IX) (prepared by treatment of 2-phenylbenzoic acid (VIII) with oxalyl chloride) to yield the title compound.

合成路线17

Nibentan is obtained as illustrated in Scheme 22645801a: Phenylacetonitrile (I) is condensed with diethyl carbonate by means of sodium ethylate in toluene to give sodium (ethoxycarbonyl)cyanophenylmethanate (II). Subsequent alkylation of (II) with 1,4-dibromobutane provides 5-bromo-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-cyano-1-phenylpentane (III). Treatment of (III) with diethylamine gives 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-cyano-5-(diethylamino)-1-phenylpentane (IV), which is decarboxylated with aqueous KOH in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride to 1-cyano-5-(diethylamino)-1-phenylpentane (V). The reaction of (V) with H2O2 in dimethylsulfoxide gives 1-carbamoyl-5-(diethylamino)-1-phenylpentane (VI), which is rearranged to 1-(methoxycarbonylamino)-5-(diethylamino)-1-phenylpentane (VII) according to Hoffman reaction by means of bromine and sodium methylate in methanol. Hydrolysis of (VII) with NaOH in ethanol provides amine (VIII). Subsequent coupling of (VIII) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride in acetonitrile yields nibentan.

合成路线18

Acylation of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one (I) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (II) by means of TEA in CH2Cl2 gives 1-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one (III), which is hydrogenated with H2 over Raney-Ni in MeOH, yielding the corresponding amine derivative (IV). Acylation of (IV) with biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid (V) by means of oxalyl chloride in CH2Cl2 affords the expected amide (VI) which is brominated with either Br2 or CuBr2, providing the alpha-bromo ketone (VII). This ketone (VII) is cyclized with acetamidine hydrochloride (VIII) by means of K2CO3 in MeCN, furnishing a mixture of conivaptan and oxazolo[4,5-d][1]benzodiazepine compound. Finally, conivaptan is separated by column chromatography over silica gel and is treated with 4N HCl to provide the desired hydrochloride.

合成路线19

The reaction of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (I) with 3-chloropropylamine (II) by menas of triethylamine in dichloromethane gives the corresponding amide (III), which is then condensed with 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine (IV) by means of triethylamine in refluxing dichloromethane.

合成路线20

Thiocolchicine (II) was prepared from colchicine (I) by treatment with sodium methylthiolate. Then, hydrolysis of acetamide group with methanolic HCl afforded deacetyl thiocolchicine (III). Subsequent acylation with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (IV) in the presence of pyridine provided amide (V), which was demethylated with excess BBr3 to give the corresponding triphenol (VI). Finally, esterification with acetyl chloride in the presence of pyridine and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine furnished the target triacetate.

合成路线21

Thiocolchicine (II) was prepared from colchicine (I) by treatment with sodium methylthiolate. Then, hydrolysis of acetamide group with methanolic HCl afforded deacetyl thiocolchicine (III). Subsequent acylation with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (IV) in the presence of pyridine provided amide (V), which was demethylated with excess BBr3 to give the corresponding triphenol.

合成路线22

The bromination of styrene (II) with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of cyanamide (I) provided 2-bromo-1-phenylethylcyanamide (III). Further addition of MeOH to (III) in the presence of HCl, followed by Na2CO3-promoted cyclization, produced the methoxyimidazoline (IV). Acylation of indoline (V) with trifluoroacetic anhydride and pyridine gave amide (VI) and subsequent chlorosulfonation yielded sulfonyl cloride (VII). This acid chloride was coupled to imidazoline (IV) in the presence of NaHCO3 in aqueous acetone to furnish a mixture of sulfonyl imidazolines (VIII) and (IX). The major isomer (IX) was isolated by column chromatography, and then, hydrolysis with HCl in MeOH at r.t. provided imidazolidinone (X). The trifluoroacetamide group of (X) was further hydrolyzed by treatment with NaOH in aqueous MeOH to give (XI). Subsequent condensation of (XI) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (XII) in the presence of pyridine yielded 4-nitrobenzamide (XIII), which was finally reduced to the aminobenzamide by hydrogenation using Raney-nickel as the catalyst.

合成路线23

A synthesis of the (S)-enantiomer of the target compound has also been reported, starting from (S)-1-phenylethanolamine (XIV). Treatment with phenyl chloroformate (XV) and NaHCO3 yielded carbamate (XVI). Subsequent reaction of (XVI) with methanesulfonyl chloride and Et3N provided mesylate (XVII). The sulfonamide (XVIII) was prepared from sulfonyl chloride (VII) by treatment with ammonia gas in CH2Cl2. Condensation of this sulfonamide with mesylate (XVII) in the presence of NaH produced the chiral imidazolidinone (XIX). Finally, the target compound was obtained by condensation with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (XII), followed by reduction with H2 in the presence of Raney-Ni.

合成路线24

Protection of indoline (I) using trifluoroacetic anhydride provided N-trifluoroacetylindoline (II), which was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to give sulfonyl chloride (III). Further treatment with ammonia in CH2Cl2 produced sulfonamide (IV). Phenylglycinol (V) was condensed with phenyl chloroformate to afford carbamate (VI). Subsequent reaction of (VI) with metanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine yielded mesylate (VII). The condensation of sulfonamide (IV) with mesylate (VII), with concomitant cyclization of carbamate group and trifluoroacetyl deprotection, furnished imidazolone (VIII). This was further condensed with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (IX), and the resulting 4-nitrobenzamide (X) was finally reduced to the target aminobenzamide by hydrogenation over Raney Nickel.

合成路线25

1-Adamantanol (I) was esterified with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (II) in the presence of pyridine, yielding adamantanyl 4-nitrobenzoate (III). After catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group of (III), the resultant aniline (IV) was condensed with 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (V) to afford the corresponding Schiff base (VI). Subsequent hydrogenation of the imine double bond of (VI) over Pd/C gave rise to the target amine.

合成路线26

Treatment of substituted aminobenzoate (I) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (II) affords amide (III), whose nitro group is converted into an amino group by hydrogenation over Pd/C, providing compound (IV). Finally, reaction of aniline (IV) with isocyanate (V) furnishes the target product.

合成路线27

4-Nitrobenzoyl chloride (I) was condensed with tert-butyl amine to give amide (II). The nitro group of (II) was then reduced to aniline (III) by transfer hydrogenation with hydrazine and Pd/C. Finally, acylation of (III) with acetyl chloride provided the title acetamide.

合成路线28

The acylation of piperazine (II) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (I) afforded a mixture of monoacylated (III) and diacylated (IV) products, which were separated by chromatography. Subsequent alkylation of monosubstituted piperazine (III) with 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (V) in the presence of K2CO3 and NaI yielded the title compound.

合成路线29

Coupling between 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (VI) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (VII) afforded nitrobenzamide (VIII), which was further reduced to amine (IX) by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C. Acylation of (IX) with phthalimidoacetyl chloride (X) yielded diamide (XI). The carboxyl group of (XI) was then activated as the corresponding acid chloride (XII) by treatment with SOCl2. Then, condensation of the glycylamide derivative (XIII) with acid chloride (XII) furnished amide (XIV).

合成路线30

Acylation of the anilino ester (I) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (II) affords amide (III). After reduction of the 4-nitrobenzamide (III) by catalytic hydrogenation, the resultant amine (IV) is condensed with (2-ethyl-1-imidazolyl)benzoyl chloride (V) to furnish diamide (VI). Subsequent ester group saponification in (VI) gives acid (VII). This is finally coupled with N-methylpiperazine (VIII) in the presence of EDC and HOBt to produce the title compound.

合成路线31

Condensation of 2-aminothiophenol (I) with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (II) produces the benzothiazole (III). Reduction of the nitro group of (III) by means of SnCl2 in refluxing EtOH yields aniline (IV). Then, alkylation of (IV) with 11C-labeled iodomethane gives rise to the target 11C-methylated aniline.

合成路线32

The cyclization of 2-oxoacetic acid ethyl ester (I), 1-phenylethylamine (II) and cyclopentadiene (III) by means of BF3 and TFA in dichloromethane gives the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene (IV), which is debenzylated with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol to yield 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (V) The acylation of (V) with 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoyl chloride (VI) and TEA in dichloromethane affords the bicyclic amide (VII), which is submitted to a reductive cyclization with Fe in refluxing acetic acid to afford the polycyclic benzodiazepinedione (VIII). The reduction of the carbonyl groups of (VIII) by means of LiAlH4 in THF provides the benzodiazepine (IX), which is acylated with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (X) and TEA in dichloromethane to give the polycyclic amide (XI). The reduction of the nitro group of (XI) with Zn and NH4Cl in refluxing methanol yields the corresponding amino derivative (XII), which is finally acylated with 4'-methylbiphenyl-2-carbonyl chloride (XIII) and TEA in dichloromethane to furnish the target polycyclic benzodiazepine.

合成路线33

合成路线34