合成路线1

The cyclization of 2-aminobenzophenone (I) with 3-amino-2-chloropyridine (II) by means of NaOH in methylene chloride-water gives 6-phenyl-11H-[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine (III), which is then condensed with (3-chloropropyl)dimethylamine by means of NaH in hot DMF, followed by a treatment with fumaric acid in isopropanol.

合成路线2

The reaction of 1-(p-benzyloxyphenoxy)-2,3-epoxypropane (I) with 4-[N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl]morpholine (II) by means of KOH in isopropanol gives 1-(p-benzyloxyphenoxy)-3-[2-(morpholinocarbonamido)ethylamino]-2-propanol (III), which is debenzylated by treatment with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol acetic acid and treated with a solution of fumaric acid in ethanol.

合成路线3

The synthesis of [14C]-labeled BRL-26830A has been described: The reaction of copper sulfate (I) with sodium methabisulfite, followed by treatment with [14C]-labeled potassium cyanide (II) yields cuprous cyanide (III), which is condensed with methyl 4-bromobenzoate (IV) to afford methyl 4-cyanobenzoate (V). The reduction of (V) with Al/Ni and formic acid gives methyl 4-formylbenzoate (VI), which is condensed with nitroethane by means of butylamine and acetic acid in benzene to give methyl 4-(2-nitro-1-propenyl)benzoate (VII). The treatment of (VII) with Fe and HCl in refluxing methanol yields methyl 4-(acetonyl)benzoate (VIII), which is reductocondensed with (R*)-2-amino-1-phenylethanol (IX) by means of NaBH4 in refluxing benzene and crystallized in methanol to fractionate the optical diastereomers. Finally, the (R*,R*)-isomer (X) is treated with fumaric acid.

合成路线4

By condensation of 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylamine (I) with 1-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-2-propanone (II) in refluxing benzene, followed by reduction with NaBH4 in methanol, and treatment with maleic acid (III).

合成路线5

Elimoclavine (I) obtained by fermentation is first O-mesylated and then the mesyl group in the product (II) displaced by 2-aminoethanol to give the hydroxyethylamino derivative (III). Repeated acylation of (III) with mesyl chloride affords the N,O-dimesylate (IV), which exchanges the O-mesyl group for an azido group on treatment with sodium azide to give the base (VI). Salt formation with maleic acid gives RGH-7825 (1,2).

合成路线6

Compound can be prepared in two different ways: 1) The Sandmeyer reaction of 2-amino-5-nitro-2'-chlorobenzophenone (I) with HCl, NaNO2 and CuCl gives 2,2'-dichloro-5-nitrobenzophenone (II), which is condensed with 2-diethylaminomethylimidazole (III) by means of NaH in DMF to afford the free base of Y-9179 (IV). Finally, this compound is treated with fumaric acid (B). 2) The treatment of 1-[2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-4-nitrophenyl]-2-hydroxymethyl-imidazole (V) with SOCl2 gives the corresponding 2-chloromethyl derivative (VI), which is then treated with diethylamine (A) and Na2CO3 in benzene-DMF at 60 C.

合成路线7

The reaction of cyclopentene oxide (I) with dimethylamine (II) gives 2-(dimethylamino)cyclopentanol (III), which is treated with methanesulfonyl chloride and NaH in THF to afford the corresponding methasulfonyl ester (IV). The condensation of (IV) with 3,4-dichloroaniline (V) in THF yields N,N-dimethyl-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclopentane-1,2-diamine (VI), which is acylated with propionic anhydride (A) and treated finally with maleic acid (B).

合成路线8

By condensation of 2,4-dimethyl-1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine (I) with 1-naphtalenesulfonyl chloride (II) in refluxing benzene, followed by a treatment with fumaric acid (III) in absolute ethanol.

合成路线9

The reaction of 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (I) with methylamine by means of TiCl4 in refluxing benzene gives 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine (II), which by reaction with NaNO2 in acetic acid is converted into its N-nitroso derivative (III). The treatment of (III) with nitromethane and potassium tert-butoxide in DMF affords 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-nitromethylene-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine (IV), which is reduced with H2 over Raney-Ni in THF affording the 2-aminomethyl derivative (V).The acetylation of (V) with acetic anhydride in CH2Cl2 gives the acetamide (VI), which is cyclized with polyphosphoric acid at 150 C yielding 8-chloro-3a,4-dihydro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (VII). The deshydrogenation of (VII) with MnO2 in refluxing toluene affords 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (VIII), which is finally treated with maleic acid (A) in hot ethanol.

合成路线10

The condensation of 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyrrolidine (I) with 2-chloronicotinic acid (II) by means of NaH in DMSO gives sodium 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yloxy)pyridine-3-carboxylate (III), which is then cyclized by a treatment with dry HCl in chloroform followed by a reaction with triphenylphosphine and CCl4 yielding finally 2-(2-chloroethyl)-4-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrido[3,2-f]-1,4-oxazepin-5(2H)-one (IV). The reaction of (IV) with P2S5 and K2S in refluxing toluene affords the corresponding thione (V), which is finally treated with 40% aqueous dimethylamine in ethanol at 100 C in a pressure vessel, and with fumaric acid (VI) in methanol.

合成路线11

The condensation of (IX) with alanine benzyl ester (X) with sodium cyanoboohydride as before gives N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]alanine benzyl ester (XI), which is submitted to fractional crystallization with maleic acid yielding N-[1(S)-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-(S)-alanine benzyl ester (XII), which is debenzylated by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol yielding the free acid (XIII). Finally, this compound is condensed with spirane (IV) through the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, in the usual way.

合成路线12

The synthesis of [14 C]-EST has been described ac cording to the following procedure: The oxidation of fumaric acid (I) with H2O2 gives trans-epoxysuccinic acid (II), which is submitted to optical resolution by means of its salt with L-arginine. The L-trans isomer (III) is esterified with ethanol and H2SO4 to the corresponding diethyl ester (IV), which is hydrolyzed selectively with KOH, affording the monoethyl ester (V). Finally, this monoester 5 condensed with N-isoamyl-L-leucinamide (VI).

合成路线13

The bromination of 4 benzyloxy-3-nitroacetophenone (I) with Br2 in CHCl3 gives 4-benzyloxy-3-nitro-alpha-bromoacetophenone (II), which is then condensed with N-benzyl-N-(1-methyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-amine (III) in butanone at 80 C yielding 4-benzyloxy-3-nitro-alpha-[N-benzyl-N-[1-methyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]acetophenone (IV). The reduction of the carbonyl group of (IV) with NaBH4 in ethanol affords the corresponding nitro alcohol (V), which is reduced again with Fe and HCl in ethanol - water to the amino alcohol (VI). The formylation of (VI) with formic acid in acetic anhydride gives 4-benzyloxy-3-formyl-amino-alpha-[N-benzyl-N-[1-methyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]aminomethyl]benzyl alcohol (VII), which is finally debenzylated with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol and treated with fumaric acid (A).

合成路线14

By reduction of a mixture of 1-(3-formylamino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol (VIII) and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone (IX) with H2 over Pt in ethanol, followed by a treatment with fumaric acid (A).

合成路线15

The racemic compound RP 58866 was synthesized as follows: The ethyl ester of (2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ylidene)acetic acid (II) is prepared by carrying out the Wittig-Horner reaction on commercially available chromanone (I), followed by catalytic hydrogenation over 10% Pd on carbon to yield the ethyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid (III). Reduction of this ester with lithium aluminum hydride gives the alcohol (IV), which is converted into the corresponding bromide (V) (1, 3) by reaction with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole and an excess of allyl bromide. Subsequent condensation of (V) with 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)piperidine (VI) by refluxing in 2-butanone, followed by the addition of (E)-2-butenedioic acid (fumaric acid), yields the salt (RS)-1-[2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)ethyl]-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)piperidine (E)-2-butenedioate (1:1) (VII).

合成路线16

Terikalant, the (S)-enantiomer of RP 58866, was synthesized as follows: After hydrolysis of the ethyl ester (III) with NaOH in refluxing methanol, the corresponding acid (VIII) is converted into the acid chloride by refluxing in thionyl chloride. After removal of excess thionyl chloride, the residue is distilled off under reduced pressure to yield the carboxylic acid chloride (IX). Subsequent reaction of (IX) with (R)-(-)-phenylglycinol yields a mixture of the (SR)-3,4-dihydro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-phenethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetamide (Xa) [m.p. 143 C; alpha(D) -43 (c 1.5, EtOH)] and (RR)-3,4-dihydro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-phenethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetamide (Xb) [m.p. 140 C; alpha(D) -6.5 (c 1.5, EtOH)] diastereoisomers, which are separated by silica gel column chromatography using methylene chloride/ethanol (95/5) as eluent and subsequently hydrolyzed to give the two pure enatiomeric carboxylic acids: (S)-(XIa) [alpha(D) -18.5 (c 1.1, EtOH)], e.e. 99.3% determined by analytical HPLC on the amide derived from (R)-(-)-phenylglycinol, and (R)-(XIb) [alpha(D) +17.4 (c 1, EtOH)]; m.p. 77-8 C. Reduction of (XIa) with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran gives the alcohol (XII), which is converted into the bromide (XIII) and, subsequently, to (S)-1-[2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)ethyl]-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)piperidine (E)-2-butenedioate (1:1) , analogously with the racemic compound described in scheme 16777901a. RP 62719 is recrystallized from isopropanol and the absolute configuration is obtained through single crystal x-ray analysis of the bromhydrate. The pure (R)-isomer, RP 62718, is obtained according to the same reaction scheme as that described for (XIa), but starting with (XIb).

合成路线17

N-(2,2-Diphenylacetyl)piperazine (IV) was prepared by acylation of N-formylpiperazine (II) with 2,2-diphenylacetyl chloride (I), followed by acid-promoted formyl deprotection of the resulting amide (III). Condensation of 5-hydroxyquinoline (VI) with epichlorohydrin (V) in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide in DMF at 90 C provided 5-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)quinoline (VII), which was subsequently coupled with acylpiperazine (IV) in boiling isopropanol to yield (VIII). This was finally treated with fumaric acid (IX) in MeOH to furnish the title sesquifumarate salt.

合成路线18

Pyridazinone (I) was converted to 3,4,5-trichloropyridazine (VIII) on treatment with POCl3. Nucleophylic substitution in (II) with 3-aminopropanol (III) gave, after crystallization, the desired isomer (IV). Hydrolysis of the 3-chloro group of (IV) was carried out with AcOH and AcONa, resulting in the N,O-diacetyl derivative (V). Subsequent reaction of (V) with aqueous HBr provided bromide (VI), which was then treated with N-methyl homoveratrylamine (VII) to furnish the target compound (VIII). This compound was finally isolated as the fumarate salt on treatment with fumaric acid in EtOH (1).

合成路线19

Activation of butyric acid derivative (I) with isobutyl chloroformate (II) by means of Et3N in THF, followed by coupling with ethylamine (III) in THF in the presence of Et3N, yields butyramide derivative (IV). Reduction of (IV) by means of (-)-B-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BCl) in THF, followed by reaction with diethanolamine (A), affords hydroxy derivative (V), whose carbonyl group is removed by means of sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride (Red-Al) in toluene/THF, followed by treatment with H2SO4 to provide compound (VI) . Separately, the synthesis of intermediate (XIV) is performed as follows: condensation of pentamethylene chlorohydrin (VII) with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (VIII) by means of p-toluenesulfonic acid in Et2O furnishes 5-chloropentyl-2-tetrahydropyranyl ether (IX), which is then subjected to reaction with acetone (X) in THF by means of Mg in the presence of 1,2-dibromoethane (B) to provide tetrahydropyranyl ether (XI). Conversion of hydroxy derivative (XI) into the corresponding fluoro derivative (XII) is performed by reaction with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) in CH2Cl2, and posterior reaction of (XII) with pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in EtOH furnishes 6-fluoro-6-methyl-1-heptanol (XIII). Finally, intermediate (XIV) is obtained by reaction of (XIII) with NBS and PPh3 in benzene. Condensation of secondary amine (VI) with intermediate (XIV) by means of NaHCO3 in refluxing acetonitrile provides methanesulfonamide (XV), which is finally converted into the target product by formation of the hemifumarate salt by treatment with fumaric acid (XVI) in acetone.

合成路线20

The protection of the NH2 group of L-serine (I) gives N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-serine (II), which is converted into the N-methylamide (III). The reduction of the amide group of (III) affords the diaminopropanol (IV), which is N-protected to provide the Boc-protected compound (V). The mesylation of the OH group of (V) gives the mesylate (VI), which is treated with ethylamine to yield the triaminopropane (VII). Boc deprotection in (VII) with HCl affords intermediate (VIII), which is submitted to a reductive cyclization with glyoxal and BH3/TEA to provide the perhydro-1,4-diazepine (IX). Cbz deprotection in (IX) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C gives the 1-ethyl-4-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepin-6(R)-amine (X), which is condensed with 5-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(methylamino)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (XI) by means of ethyl chloroformate and TEA to yield the target amide (XII). Finally, this compound is treated with fumaric acid (XIII) in ethanol to afford the desired fumarate salt.

合成路线21

The protection of the NH2 group of L-serine (I) gives N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-serine (II), which is converted into the N-methylamide (III). The reduction of the amide group of (III) affords the diaminopropanol (IV), which is N-protected to provide the Boc-protected compound (V). The mesylation of the OH group of (V) gives the mesylate (VI), which is treated with ethylamine to yield the triaminopropane (VII). The condensation of (VII) with ethyl bromoacetate (VIII) affords the aminoacetate (IX), which is selectively deprotected with HCl to provide the intermediate (X). The cyclization of (X) by means of NaOEt gives the perhydro-1,4-diazepin-2-one (XI), which is reduced with BH3/THF to yield the perhydro-1,4-diazepine (XII). Cbz deprotection in (XII) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C gives the 1-ethyl-4-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepin-6(R)-amine (XIII), which is condensed with 5-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(methylamino)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (XIV) by means of ethyl chloroformate and TEA to yield the target amide (XV). Finally, this compound is treated with fumaric acid (XVI) in ethanol to afford the desired fumarate salt.

合成路线22

The protection of the NH2 group of L-serine (I) with Ts-Cl and TEA gives N-tosyl-L-serine (II), which is converted into the N-methylamide (III). The cyclization of (III) by means of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (DIAD) yields the N-tosylaziridine (IV), which is treated with ethylamine (V) to afford the diaminopropionamide (VI). The reduction of the amide group of (VI) with LiAlH4 provides the triaminopropane (VII), which is submitted to a reductive cyclization with glyoxal and BH3/TEA to give the perhydro-1,4-diazepine (VIII). Ts deprotection in (VIII) by means of HBr affords the 1-ethyl-4-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepin-6(R)-amine (IX), which is condensed with 5-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(methylamino)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (X) by means of ethyl chloroformate and TEA to yield the target amide (XI). Finally, this compound is treated with fumaric acid (XII) in ethanol to afford the desired fumarate salt.

合成路线23

The reaction of N-methyl-N'-(3-methylbenzyl)ethylene-1,2-diamine (VIII) with (Boc)2O in chloroform gives N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-methyl-N'-(3-methylbenzyl)ethylene-1,2-diamine (IX), which is condensed with the chiral aziridine (X) by heating at 80 C to yield the diaminobutyric ester (XI). Selective elimination of the Boc protecting group of (XI) with HCl in methanol affords the methylamino intermediate (XII), which is treated with NaOH in ethanol/water to provide the carboxylic acid (XIII). The cyclization of (XIII) by means of DEC gives the perhydro-1,4-diazepin-5-one derivative (XIV), which is debenzylated by means of 1-chloroethyl chloroformate to yield the 6(S)-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepin-5-one (XV). The reductive alkylation of (XV) with acetaldehyde, NaBH4 and TEA in methanol affords the 1-ethyl derivative (XVI), which is deprotected by means of conc. HBr to provide 6(S)-amino-1-ethyl-4-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepin-5-one (XVII). The reduction of (XVII) with BH3/THF gives 1-ethyl-4-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepin-6(R)-amine (XVIII), which is condensed with 5-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(methylamino)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (VII) by means of ethyl chloroformate and TEA to yield the target amide (XIX). Finally, this compound is treated with fumaric acid (XX) in ethanol to afford the desired fumarate salt.

合成路线24

The hydrolysis of 4-acetamido-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester (I) with NaOH gives the corresponding free acid (II), which is esterified with benzyl alcohol and carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to the benzyl ester (III). Optical resolution of (III) by chiral HPLC yielded the 2(S)-isomer (IV), which is chlorinated with N-chlorosuccinomide (NCl) affords the 5-chloro derivative (V). The treatment of (V) with NaOH provides 4-amino-5-chloro-2(S)-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid (VI), which is condensed with the ethylamino derivative (VII) by means of CDI to give the amide (VIII). Finally, this compound is salified with fumaric acid (IX).

合成路线25

The optical resolution of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid (I) by means of brucine in methanol gives the (+)-isomer (II), which is then condensed with the ethylamino derivative (III) by means of carbonyldiimidazole in THF to afford the amide (IV). Finally, this compound is salified with fumaric acid (V) in ethanol.

合成路线26