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【结 构 式】 
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【分子编号】46407 【品名】4-nitro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione；3-nitrophthalic anhydride 【CA登记号】641-70-3 |
【 分 子 式 】C8H3NO5 【 分 子 量 】193.11556 【元素组成】C 49.76% H 1.57% N 7.25% O 41.42% |
合成路线1
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(I)Regioselective ring opening of 3-nitrophthalic anhydride (I) with ammonia yielded amide (II), which was subjected to a Hofmann degradation with Br2 and KOH to afford 3-nitroanthranilic acid (III). Esterification of (III) to ster (IV) using MeOH/HCl, followed by reduction of the nitro group by catalytic hydrogenation, gave methyl 2,3-diaminobenzoate (V). Alternatively, diamino ester (V) was prepared by reduction of nitro acid (III), followed by catalytic esterification. Methyl 2,3-diaminobenzoate (V) was then selectively acylated at the 3-amino group with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride (VI) producing amide (VII), which was cyclized to the benzimidazole (VIII) upon refluxing in HOAc. The corresponding amide (IX) was obtained by reaction of ester (VIII) with liquid ammonia at 100 C in a pressure vessel. Finally, the methyl ether group of (IX) was cleaved to the title phenol by treatment with boron tribromide.
| 【1】 Wood, M.D.; Taylor, S.G.; Reavill, C.; et al.; Pharmacological actions of a novel, high-affinity, and selective human dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, SB-277011-A. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000, 294, 3, 1154. |
| 【2】 Griffin, R.J.; Calvert, A.H.; Newell, D.R.; Curtain, J.N.; Golding, B.T. (University of Newcastle upon Tyne); Benzimidazole cpds.. US 6100283 . |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 46407 | 4-nitro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione；3-nitrophthalic anhydride | 641-70-3 | C8H3NO5 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (II) | 46408 | 2-(aminocarbonyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid | C8H6N2O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 46409 | 2-amino-3-nitrobenzoic acid | C7H6N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 46410 | methyl 2-amino-3-nitrobenzoate | C8H8N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 18889 | methyl 2,3-diaminobenzoate | C8H10N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 22671 | 4-Methoxybenzoyl chloride; p-Methoxybenzoyl chloride; 4-Anisoyl chloride | 100-07-2 | C8H7ClO2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VII) | 46411 | methyl 2-amino-3-[(4-methoxybenzoyl)amino]benzoate | C16H16N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VIII) | 46412 | methyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxylate | C16H14N2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IX) | 46413 | 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide | C15H13N3O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线2
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(IV)The cyclization of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-glutamine (I) by means of CDI in THF gives the piperidinedione (II), which is deprotected by means of HBr in AcOH to yield 3(S)-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione (III).The condensation of (III) with 3-nitrophthalic anhydride (IV) in hot DMF/AcOH affords 3(S)-phthalimido-piperidine-2,6-dione (V), which is finally reduced with H2 over Pd/C in dioxane/methanol to provide the target thalidomide derivative.
| 【1】 D'Amato, R.J.; Shah, J.H.; Hunsucker, K.A.; Pribluda, V.; Treston, A.; Rougas, J.; Conner, B.P.; Swartz, G.M. (Children's Medical Center Corp.); Synthesis of 3-amino-thalidomide and its enantiomers. WO 0264083 . |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 26289 | (2S)-5-amino-2-[[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid | C13H16N2O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (II) | 64520 | benzyl (3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidinylcarbamate | C13H14N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 48171 | (3S)-3-amino-2,6-piperidinedione | C5H8N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 46407 | 4-nitro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione；3-nitrophthalic anhydride | 641-70-3 | C8H3NO5 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (V) | 34429 | 2-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidinyl]-4-nitro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione | C13H9N3O6 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线3
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(X)Treatment of 3-nitrophthalimide (I) with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of Et3N in DMF produces the N-(ethoxycarbonyl)phthalimide derivative (II), which is condensed with glutamine tert-butyl ester (III) by means of Et3N in refluxing THF to afford the phthaloylglutamine derivative (IV). Hydrolysis of the tert-butyl ester group of compound (IV) with HCl in CH2Cl2 yields the corresponding carboxylic acid (V), which is cyclized by means of SOCl2 in the presence of pyridine and Et3N in CH2Cl2, resulting in the corresponding glutarimide (VI) . Finally, the nitro group of glutarimide (VI) is reduced by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C in acetone or with Sn/HCl .
Pure enantiomers of pomalidomide can been prepared using the corresponding enantiomers of glutamine tert-butyl ester (III), as the cyclization of phthaloyl-glutamine (V) takes place without racemization, resulting in the corresponding enantiomeric glutarimides. The nitrophthalimide precursor (VI) can be alternatively obtained by cyclization of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)glutamine (VII) by means of CDI in refluxing THF to afford the glutarimide derivative (VIII), which is then N-deprotected to 2-aminoglutarimide (IX) by either hydrogenolysis over Pd/C or by treatment with HBr in AcOH. Finally, aminoglutarimide (IX) is condensed with 3-nitrophthalic anhydride (X) using AcOH at reflux .
Cyclization of 3-aminophthalic acid hydrochloride (XI) with 2-aminoglutarimide (IX) using Et3N or imidazole, optionally in the presence of AcOH in acetonitrile .
Condensation of 3-nitrophthalic anhydride (X) with glutamine (XII) in DMF yields N-(3-nitrophthaloyl)glutamine (V), which is reduced with H2 over Pd/C to give the corresponding amine (XIII). Finally, this compound undergoes cyclization by means of CDI .
| 【1】 Muller, G.W., Chen, R., Huang, S.-Y. et al. Amino-substituted thalidomide analogs: Potent inhibitors of TNF-alpha production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9(11): 1625-30. |
| 【2】 Stirling, D.I., Chen, R.S.-C., Muller, G.W. (Celgene Corp.). Substituted 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-phthalimides and -1-oxoisoindolines and method of reducing TNFalpha levels. EP 0925294, EP 1285916, EP 2070920, EP 2177517, EP 2305663, JP 2008050368, US 5635517, WO 1998003502. |
| 【3】 Muller, G.W., Saindane, M.T., Ge, C., Chen, R. (Celgene Corp.). Processes for the preparation of 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione compounds. EP 1907373, JP 2008544993, US 2007004920, US 7994327, WO 2007005972. |
| 【4】 Shah, J.H., Hunsucker, K.A., Conner, B.P. et al. (Children’s Medical Center Corp.). Synthesis of 3-amino-thalidomide and its enantiomers. CA 2430669, EP 1353672, JP 2004536784, JP 2009108077, US 2004147558, US 7812169, WO 2002064083. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 34424 | 4-nitro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione；3-nitrophthalimide | 603-62-3 | C8H4N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (II) | 34425 | ethyl 4-nitro-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate | C11H8N2O6 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 68855 | tert-butyl 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate hydrochloride | C9H18N2O3.HCl | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 68856 | tert-butyl 5-amino-2-(4-nitro-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-oxopentanoate | C17H19N3O7 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 68857 | 5-amino-2-(4-nitro-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-oxopentanoic acid | C13H11N3O7 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 68858 | 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-4-nitroisoindoline-1,3-dione | C13H9N3O6 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VII) | 68859 | 5-amino-2-((benzoyloxy)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid | C12H14N2O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VIII) | 68860 | 3-((benzoyloxy)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione | C12H12N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IX) | 37576 | 3-amino-2,6-piperidinedione；3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione；2-amino-Glutarimide；Glutamimide;a-Aminoglutarimide | 2353-44-8 | C5H8N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (X) | 46407 | 4-nitro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione；3-nitrophthalic anhydride | 641-70-3 | C8H3NO5 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XI) | 68861 | 3-aminophthalic acid hydrochloride;3-amino-1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid hydrochloride;3-amino-Phthalic acid hydrochloride | 6946-22-1 | C8H7NO4.HCl | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XII) | 24666 | glutamine；2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid | C5H10N2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIII) | 68862 | 5-amino-2-(4-amino-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-oxopentanoic acid | C13H13N3O5 | 详情 | 详情 |