合成路线1
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(VIII) The hydrolysis of the diacetyl derivative (I) with Ba(OH)2 in refluxing water gives the amino alcohol (II), which is condensed with 4,6-dichloro-2-aminopyrimidine (III) by means of TEA in refluxing tert-butanol to yield the adduct (IV). The condensation of (IV) with the diazonium salt (V) affords the azo compound (VI), which is reduced with Zn/HOAc to provide the diamine (VII). The cyclization of (VII) with triethyl orthoformate gives the 6-chloropurine derivative (VIII), which is finally treated with NaOH in refluxing water to afford the target guanine derivative as a racemic compound.
【1】
Vince, R.; Hua, M.; Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of carbocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy 2,6-disubstituted purine nucleosides. J Med Chem 1990, 33, 1, 17-21.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
45366 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(acetamido)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C10H15NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
17647 |
[(1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C6H11NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
14404 |
4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinamine; 2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine; 4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinylamine
|
56-05-3 |
C4H3Cl2N3 |
详情 | 详情
|
(IV) |
17657 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H13ClN4O |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
10197 |
4-Chlorobenzenediazonium chloride
|
|
C6H4Cl2N2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
17659 |
[(1S,4R)-4-([2-amino-6-chloro-5-[(E)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C16H16Cl2N6O |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
17660 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2,5-diamino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H14ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线2
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(VIII) The condensation of 6-chloropurine-2-amine (I) with epoxide (II) by means of Pd(PPh3)4 in DMSO gives the cyclopentenol derivative (III), which is treated with dimethyl dicarbonate and DMAP in dichloromethane to yield the carbonate (IV). The condensation of (IV) with ethyl 2-nitroacetate (V) by means of Pd in THF affords the adduct (VI), which is decarboxylated by means of NaCl in DMSO/water at 150 C to provide the nitromethylcyclopentene derivative (VII). The reaction of (VII) with tBuOK, O3 and NaBH4 in methanol gives the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivative (VIII), which is finally hydrolyzed with NaOH in refluxing water to afford the target guanine as a racemic compound.
Alternatively, the nitromethyl-cyclopentene derivative (VII) can also be obtained by condensation of carbonate (IV) with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-nitroacetate (IX) by means of Pd in THF to give the adduct (X), which is decarboxylated by means of CsF in hot acetonitrile, affording (VII).
【1】
Peel, M.R.; et al.; A short, enantioselective synthesis of the carbocyclic nucleoside carbovir. J Org Chem 1991, 56, 16, 4990.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(II) |
45367 |
6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene
|
|
C5H6O |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
45368 |
(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C10H10ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
45369 |
(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl methyl carbonate
|
|
C12H12ClN5O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
15050 |
ethyl 2-nitroacetate; Acetic acid, nitro-, ethyl ester
|
626-35-7 |
C4H7NO4 |
详情 | 详情
|
(VI) |
45370 |
ethyl (2S)-2-[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-2-nitroethanoate
|
|
C14H15ClN6O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
45371 |
6-chloro-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 6-chloro-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-9H-purin-2-amine
|
|
C11H11ClN6O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
45372 |
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-nitroacetate
|
|
C7H15NO4Si |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
45373 |
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (2S)-2-[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-2-nitroethanoate
|
|
C17H23ClN6O4Si |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线3
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(IX) The condensation of 6-chloropurine-2-amine (III) with the chiral monoacetate (II) (obtained by enzymatic desymmetrization of diacetate (I)) by means of Pd(PPh3)4 in DMSO gives the cyclopentenol derivative (IV), which is treated with dimethyl dicarbonate and DMAP in dichloromethane to yield the carbonate (V). The condensation of (V) with ethyl 2-nitroacetate (VI) by means of Pd in THF affords the adduct (VII), which is decarboxylated by means of NaCl in DMSO/water at 150 C to provide the nitromethylcyclopentene derivative (VIII). The reaction of (VIII) with tBuOK, O3 and NaBH4 in methanol gives the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivative (IX), which is finally hydrolyzed with NaOH in refluxing water to afford the target guanine as a racemic compound.
Alternatively, the nitromethyl-cyclopentene derivative (VIII) can also be obtained by condensation of carbonate (V) with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-nitroacetate (X) by means of Pd in THF to give the adduct (XI), which is decarboxylated by means of CsF in hot acetonitrile, affording (VIII).
【1】
Peel, M.R.; et al.; A short, enantioselective synthesis of the carbocyclic nucleoside carbovir. J Org Chem 1991, 56, 16, 4990.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
45374 |
(1R,4S)-4-(acetoxy)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate
|
|
C9H12O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
33169 |
(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate
|
|
C7H10O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(IV) |
45368 |
(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C10H10ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
45369 |
(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl methyl carbonate
|
|
C12H12ClN5O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
15050 |
ethyl 2-nitroacetate; Acetic acid, nitro-, ethyl ester
|
626-35-7 |
C4H7NO4 |
详情 | 详情
|
(VII) |
45370 |
ethyl (2S)-2-[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-2-nitroethanoate
|
|
C14H15ClN6O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
45371 |
6-chloro-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 6-chloro-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-9H-purin-2-amine
|
|
C11H11ClN6O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
45372 |
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-nitroacetate
|
|
C7H15NO4Si |
详情 |
详情
|
(XI) |
45373 |
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (2S)-2-[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-2-nitroethanoate
|
|
C17H23ClN6O4Si |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线4
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XII) The hydrolysis of the chiral unsaturated bicyclic lactam (I) with aqueous refluxing HCl gives the amino acid (II), which is esterified with 2,2-dimethoxypropane, methanol and HCl to yield the methyl ester (III). The acylation of (III) with Ac2O and pyridine in dichloromethane affords the acetamide (IV), which is reduced with calcium borohydride in THF, providing the carbinol (V). The hydrolysis of the amido group of (V) with HCl in refluxing ethanol/water gives the chiral amino alcohol (VI), which is condensed with 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (VII) by means of DIEA in refluxing butanol, yielding the adduct (VIII). The reaction of (VIII) with 4-chlorophenyldiazonium chloride (IX) by means of HOAc and NaOAc in water affords the azo compound (X), which is reduced with Zn and HOAc to provide the triaminopyrimidine (XI). The cyclization of (XI) with triethyl orthoformate gives the carbocyclic chloropurine (XII), which is finally treated with NaOH in refluxing water to yield the target carbocyclic guanine.
【1】
Evans, C.T.; et al.; Potential use of carbocyclic nucleosides for the treatment of AIDS - Chemo-enzymatic syntheses of the enantiomers of carbovir. J Chem Soc - Perkins Trans I 1992, 5, 589.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
33410 |
cis-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one
|
|
C6H7NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
33411 |
cis-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid
|
168471-40-7 |
C6H9NO2 |
详情 | 详情
|
(III) |
33412 |
methyl cis-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate
|
|
C7H11NO2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
45391 |
methyl (1S,4R)-4-(acetamido)-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate
|
|
C9H13NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
45392 |
N-[(1R,4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]acetamide
|
130931-86-1 |
C8H13NO2 |
详情 | 详情
|
(VI) |
17647 |
[(1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C6H11NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
14404 |
4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinamine; 2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine; 4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinylamine
|
56-05-3 |
C4H3Cl2N3 |
详情 | 详情
|
(VIII) |
17657 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H13ClN4O |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
10197 |
4-Chlorobenzenediazonium chloride
|
|
C6H4Cl2N2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
17659 |
[(1S,4R)-4-([2-amino-6-chloro-5-[(E)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C16H16Cl2N6O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XI) |
17660 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2,5-diamino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H14ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线5
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(IX) The epoxidation of 3-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (I) with MCPBA in cyclohexane gives the trans-epoxide (II) along with some cis-isomer that is separated by chromatography. The reduction of the ester group of (II) with LiAlH4 in ether yields the corresponding trans-carbinol (III), which is silylated with Tbdms-Cl and imidazole to afford the silyl ether (IV). The reaction of the epoxide (IV) with the chiral lithium pyrrolidide (V) in benzene provides the (1S,3S)(trans) 3-(tertbutyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-cyclopenten-1-ol (VI). The condensation of (VI) with 2-amino-6-chloropurine by means of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and PPh3 in dioxane gives the carbocyclic purine derivative (VIII), which is desilylated by means of TBAF in THF to the chloropurine (IX). Finally, this compound is hydrolyzed with refluxing aqueous NaOH to yield the target carbocyclic guanine.
【1】
Asami, M.; Inoue, S.; Takahashi, J.; An asymmetric synthesis of (-)-carbovir. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 1994, 5, 9, 1649.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
45412 |
methyl 3-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate
|
|
C7H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
45413 |
methyl (1R,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate
|
|
C7H10O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
45414 |
(1R,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ylmethanol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
45415 |
tert-butyl(dimethyl)[(1R,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ylmethoxy]silane; tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl (1R,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ylmethyl ether
|
|
C12H24O2Si |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
45416 |
|
|
C9H17LiN2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
45417 |
(1S,4S)-4-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
886-65-7 |
C12H24O2Si |
详情 | 详情
|
(VII) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(VIII) |
45418 |
9-[(1R,4S)-4-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-6-chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 9-[(1R,4S)-4-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-6-chloro-9H-purin-2-amine
|
|
C17H26ClN5OSi |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线6
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XIII) The condensation of the chiral oxazolidinone (I) with the pentenoic anhydride (II) by means of n-BuLi in THF gives the N-pentenoyloxazolidinone (III), which is condensed with acrolein (IV) catalyzed by TiCl4 and (-)-spartein in dichloromethane, yielding the chiral adduct (V). The ring-closing metathesis of (V) by means of a Ru catalyst in dichloromethane affords the chiral cyclopentenol derivative (VI), which is reduced to the (R,R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol (VII) by means of LiBH4 in THF. The reaction of diol (VII) with Ac2O; with methyl chloroformate, TEA and DMAP; or with ethyl chloroformate and pyridine gives the diacetate (VIII), the cyclic carbonate (IX) or the dicarbonate (X), respectively. The condensation of (VIII), (IX) or (X) with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (XI) by means of Pd(PPh3)4 yields the carbocyclic purines (XII), (XIII) or (XIV), respectively. Finally, these compounds are hydrolyzed with aqueous NaOH to the target carbocyclic guanine.
【1】
Crimmins, M.T.; et al.; An efficient, general asymmetric synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides: Application of an asymmetric aldol/ring-closing metathesis strategy. J Org Chem 2000, 65, 25, 8499.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
14694 |
(S)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone; (4S)-4-Benzyl-1,3-oxazolan-2-one; (S)-(-)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone
|
90719-32-7 |
C10H11NO2 |
详情 | 详情
|
(II) |
17666 |
1,1-dimethylpropionic 4-pentenoic anhydride
|
|
C10H16O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
17667 |
(4S)-4-benzyl-3-(4-pentenoyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C15H17NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
17668 |
acrylaldehyde; Acrolein
|
107-02-8 |
C3H4O |
详情 | 详情
|
(V) |
17669 |
(4S)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentenoyl]-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C18H21NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
17670 |
(4S)-4-benzyl-3-[[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]carbonyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C16H17NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
17671 |
(1R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17674 |
[(1R,2R)-2-(acetoxy)-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C10H14O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
17673 |
(4aR,7aR)-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxin-2-one
|
|
C7H8O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
17672 |
[(1R,2R)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)oxy]-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl methyl carbonate
|
|
C10H14O6 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XI) |
11664 |
4-Chloro-3-nitroquinoline
|
|
C9H5ClN2O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XII) |
45424 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C13H14ClN5O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIV) |
45398 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl methyl carbonate
|
|
C13H14ClN5O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线7
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(V) The reaction of 14C-labeled cyanhydric acid (I) with HCl and ethanol gives the iminoester (II), which by reaction with more ethanol in chloroform yields the labeled orthoester (III). The cyclization of the triaminopyrimidinone (IV) with orthoester (III) by means of Ms-OH in chloroform affords the chloropurine derivative (V), which is finally hydrolyzed with NaOH to afford the target compound, the 14C-labeled carbovir.
【1】
Gopinathan, M.B.; Kepler, J.A.; Synthesis of carbon-14 labelled cis-2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-H6-purine-6-one; [8-14C]carbovir: A promising anti-AIDS drug. J Label Compd Radiopharm 1991, 29, 6, 645.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
55517 |
nitrilomethane
|
|
CHN |
详情 |
详情
|
(I) |
55518 |
nitrilomethane
|
|
CHN |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
13213 |
ethyl iminoformate
|
|
C3H7NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
55519 |
ethyl iminoformate
|
|
C3H7NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
27311 |
trimethoxymethane;Trimethyl orthoformate;Methyl orthoformate |
149-73-5 |
C4H10O3 |
详情 | 详情
|
(III) |
55520 |
trimethoxymethane; dimethoxymethyl methyl ether
|
|
C4H10O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
17660 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2,5-diamino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H14ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
55521 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线8
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(VIII) The reaction of 2-azabicyclo[2,2,1]-5-hepten-3-one (I) with 2-nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride (II) by means of BuLi in THF gives the sulfonamide (III), which is condensed with the chloropurine (IV) by means of Pd[P(OPr)3]4 in THF or NMP to yield the adduct (V). The N-protection of the formamide group of (V) with Boc2O and NaH in THF affords compound (VI), which is reduced and deprotected with NaBH4 in methanol to provide the N-Boc protected chloropurine (VII). Finally, this compound is treated with hot HOAc to furnish the target chloropurine (VIII) (see schemes 14673102a intermediate (VIII), 14673103a intermediate (VIII), 14673104a intermediate (IX), 14673107a intermediate (XII), 14673111a intermediate (IX) and 14673113a intermediate (XIII)).
【1】
katagiri, N.; et al.; Efficient synthesis of carbovir and its congener via pi-allylpalladium complex formation by ring strain-assisted C-N bond cleavage. J Org Chem 1997, 62, 6, 1580.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
55527 |
2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one
|
|
C6H7NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
32624 |
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
|
1694-92-4 |
C6H4ClNO4S |
详情 | 详情
|
(III) |
55522 |
2-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one
|
|
C12H10N2O5S |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
55523 |
6-chloro-9H-purin-2-ylformamide
|
|
C6H4ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
55524 |
N-({(1S,4R)-4-[6-chloro-2-(formylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl}carbonyl)-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
|
|
C18H14ClN7O6S |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
55525 |
tert-butyl 6-chloro-9-[(1R,4S)-4-({[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-9H-purin-2-yl(formyl)carbamate
|
|
C23H22ClN7O8S |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
55526 |
tert-butyl 6-chloro-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-9H-purin-2-ylcarbamate
|
|
C16H20ClN5O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线9
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XI) The reaction of the commercially available (1S-cis)-2-cyclopentan-1,4-diol 4-acetate (I) with methyl pyrocarbonate and DMAP in THF gives the carbonate ester (II), which by reaction with nitromethane (III), triisopropyl phosphite and a Pd catalyst, yields (1R-cis)-1-acetoxy-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopentene (IV). The hydrolysis of (IV) by means of Ts-OH in methanol affords the corresponding alcohol (V), which by treatment with O3, NaOMe and NaBH4 in methanol provides (1R-cis)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol (VI). The selective monotritylation of the primary OH group of (VI) with trityl chloride (VII) in pyridine gives the trityl ether (VIII), which is condensed with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (IX) by means of Pd(PPh3)4 in THF to yield the adduct (X). The destritylation of (X) with HOAc/water affords the hydroxymethyl compound (XI), which is finally dechlorinated by hydrolysis with hot HCl or NaOH to provide the target (-)-carbovir.
Alternatively, the dechlorination of (XI) can be performed by reaction of (XI) with liquid ammonia at 75-80 C in a Parr bomb to give the diaminopurine (XII), which is finally submitted to an enzymatic deamination with adenosine deaminase (from calf intestinal mucosa).
【1】
Vince, R.; Peterson, M.L.; Lackey, J.W.; Mook, R.A. Jr.; Partridge, J.J. (GlaxoSmithKline plc); Synthesis of purine substd. cyclopentene derivs.. US 5126452 .
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
45407 |
(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate; (1S,4R)-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopentenol |
60410-16-4 |
C7H10O3 |
详情 | 详情
|
(II) |
55528 |
(1R,4S)-4-[(methoxycarbonyl)oxy]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate
|
|
C9H12O5 |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
39563 |
nitromethane
|
75-52-5 |
CH3NO2 |
详情 | 详情
|
(IV) |
55529 |
(1R,4S)-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate
|
|
C8H11NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
55530 |
(1R,4S)-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H9NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
45405 |
(1R,4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
28630 |
Triphenylchloromethane; 1-[Chloro(diphenyl)methyl]benzene; Trityl chloride
|
76-83-5 |
C19H15Cl |
详情 | 详情
|
(VIII) |
55531 |
(1R,4S)-4-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C25H24O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(X) |
55532 |
6-chloro-9-{(1R,4S)-4-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl}-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-chloro-9-{(1R,4S)-4-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl}-9H-purin-2-ylamine
|
|
C30H26ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XI) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XII) |
55533 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2,6-diamino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H14N6O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线10
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XI) The cyclization of glyoxylic acid (I) with cyclopentadiene (II) gives the racemic hydroxylactone (III), which is acylated with Ac2O to yield acetoxy compound (rac)-(IV). The enzymatic optical resolution of (rac)-(IV) by means of Pseudomonas fluorescens affords the chiral hydroxylactone (-)-(V), which is reduced with LiAlH4 in refluxing THF to provide the lactol (VI). The oxidation of (VI) with NaIO4 in ethyl ether/water gives the chiral carbaldehyde (VII), which is reduced with NaBH4 in ethanol to afford the diol (VIII). The reaction of (VIII) with triphosgene by means of TEA in dichloromethane affords the cyclic carbonate (IX), which is condensed with chloropurine (X) by means of Pd(PPh3)4 in DMSO/THF to provide the adduct (XI). Finally, this compound is hydrolyzed with NaOH to afford the target (-)-carbovir.
【1】
Yu, J.; Olivo, H.F.; Practical enantiodivergent syntheses of both enantiomers of carbovir, 1592U89 and six-membered ring analogues. J Chem Soc - Perkins Trans I 1998, 3, 3, 391-2.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
15618 |
2-Oxoacetic acid; Glyoxylic Acid
|
298-12-4 |
C2H2O3 |
详情 | 详情
|
(II) |
11183 |
1,3-Cyclopentadiene
|
|
C5H6 |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
55545 |
(3S,3aR,6aR)-3-hydroxy-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
|
|
C7H8O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
17679 |
(3S,3aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl acetate
|
|
C9H10O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
17678 |
(3S,3aR,6aR)-3-hydroxy-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
|
|
C7H8O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
55544 |
(3S,3aR,6aR)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2,3-diol
|
|
C7H10O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
17682 |
(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde
|
|
C6H8O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17671 |
(1R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
17673 |
(4aR,7aR)-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxin-2-one
|
|
C7H8O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(XI) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线11
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(IX) 1) The reaction of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-2,5-diamine (I) with (chloromethylene)dimethylammonium chloride (II) in refluxing chloroform gives 4,6-dichloro-2,5-bis(dimethylaminomethyleneamino)pyrimidine (III), which by reaction with aqueous HCl in hot ethanol yields monoamine (IV). The reaction of (IV) with a refluxing phosphate buffer (pH 3.2) affords N-(2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)formamide (V). The condensation of (V) with (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol (VI) (which was obtained by optical resolution of the cis-racemate (VII) with D-dibenzoyltartaric acid, and elimination of the acid with ion exchange resin Amberlite IA-400, by means of triethylamine and NaOH in refluxing ethanol) gives N-[2-amino-4-chloro-6-[4(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1(R)-ylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]formamide (VIII). The cyclization of (VIII) with refluxing diethoxymethyl acetate or triethyl orthoformate yields the corresponding purine derivative (IX), which is finally treated with cyclopropylamine (X) in refluxing n-butanol.
2) The formylation of N-(5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide (XI) with 95% formic acid in acetic anhydride gives the expected formamide (XII), which is condensed with (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol (VI) by means of triethylamine in hot ethanol to yield the substituted pyrimidine (XIII). Finally, the cyclization of (XIII) with diethoxymethyl acetate as before affords the purine intermediate (IX).
【1】
Graul, A.; Castaner, J.; Leeson, P.A.; Abacavir Sulfate. Drugs Fut 1998, 23, 11, 1155-1167.
|
【2】
Daluge, S.M. (Glaxo Wellcome plc); Therapeutic nucleosides. EP 0434450; JP 1996092252; JP 1999158160; JP 1999343292 .
|
【3】
Daluge, S.M. (Glaxo Wellcome plc); Therapeutic nucleosides. AU 8937025; EP 0349242; JP 1990045486; JP 1999139976; US 5034394; US 5089500 .
|
【4】
Daluge, S.M.; Martin, M.T.; Fugett, M.J.F.; Chloropyrimide intermediates. WO 9521161 .
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
17642 |
2,5-diamino-4,6-pyrimidinediol
|
|
C4H6N4O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
17643 |
(Chloromethylene)dimethylammonium chloride; N-(chloromethylene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride
|
3724-43-4 |
C3H7Cl2N |
详情 | 详情
|
(III) |
17644 |
N'-(4,6-dichloro-2-[[(E)-(dimethylamino)methylidene]amino]-5-pyrimidinyl)-N,N-dimethyliminoformamide
|
|
C10H14Cl2N6 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
17645 |
N'-(2-amino-4,6-dichloro-5-pyrimidinyl)-N,N-dimethyliminoformamide
|
|
C7H9Cl2N5 |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
17646 |
2-amino-4,6-dichloro-5-pyrimidinylformamide
|
|
C5H4Cl2N4O |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
17647 |
[(1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C6H11NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
63843 |
(rac)-[(1R*,4S*)-4-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C6H11NO |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17649 |
2-amino-4-chloro-6-[[(1R,4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]amino]-5-pyrimidinylformamide
|
|
C11H14ClN5O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
12263 |
Cyclopropylamine; Cyclopropanamine
|
765-30-0 |
C3H7N |
详情 | 详情
|
(XI) |
17652 |
N-(5-amino-4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinyl)acetamide
|
|
C6H6Cl2N4O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XII) |
17653 |
N-[4,6-dichloro-5-(formylamino)-2-pyrimidinyl]acetamide
|
|
C7H6Cl2N4O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIII) |
17654 |
N-(4-chloro-5-(formylamino)-6-[[(1R,4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]amino]-2-pyrimidinyl)acetamide
|
|
C13H16ClN5O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线12
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XXI) 3) The condensation of (±)-cis-4-acetamido-2-cyclopentenylmethyl acetate (XIV) with 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (XV) by means of Ba(OH)2 and triethylamine in refluxing butanol gives the expected condensation product (XVI), which is treated with 4-chlorophenyldiazonium chloride (XVII) in water/acetic acid to yield the corresponding azo-compound (XVIII). The reduction of (XVIII) with Zn/acetic acid in ethanol affords the diamine (XIX), which is cyclized with refluxing diethoxymethyl acetate (XX) to afford the corresponding purine (XXI). The reaction of (XXI) with cyclopropylamine (X) in refluxing ethanol affords racemic abacavir (XXII), which is phosphorylated with POCl3 giving the racemic 4'-O-phosphate (XXIII). Finally, this compound is submitted to stereoselective enzymatic dephosphorylation using snake venom 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) from Crotalus atrox yielding the (-)-enantiomer, abacavir.
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(X) |
12263 |
Cyclopropylamine; Cyclopropanamine
|
765-30-0 |
C3H7N |
详情 | 详情
|
(XIV) |
17655 |
(1S,4R)-4-(acetamido)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate
|
|
C9H13NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XV) |
14404 |
4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinamine; 2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine; 4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinylamine
|
56-05-3 |
C4H3Cl2N3 |
详情 | 详情
|
(XVI) |
17657 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H13ClN4O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XVII) |
10197 |
4-Chlorobenzenediazonium chloride
|
|
C6H4Cl2N2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XVIII) |
17659 |
[(1S,4R)-4-([2-amino-6-chloro-5-[(E)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C16H16Cl2N6O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIX) |
17660 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[(2,5-diamino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C10H14ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XX) |
17661 |
Diethoxymethyl acetate
|
14036-06-7 |
C7H14O4 |
详情 | 详情
|
(XXI) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXII) |
17663 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C14H18N6O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXIII) |
17664 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
|
|
C14H19N6O4P |
详情 |
详情
|
合成路线13
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(IX) 4) The acylation of 4(S)-benzyloxazolidin-2-one (XXIV) with 4-pentenoyl pivaloyl anhydride (XXV) by means of NaH in THF gives 4(S)-benzyl-3-(4-pentenoyl)oxazolidin-2-one (XXVI), which is submitted to a diastereoselective syn aldol condensation with acrolein (XXVII), using dibutylboron triflate as catalyst, affording the aldol (XXVIII). The cyclization of (XXVIII) by means of the Grubbs catalyst in dichloromethane yields the cyclopentenol (XXIX), which is reduced with LiBH4 in THF/methanol to give the key intermediate 5(R)-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1(R)-ol (XXX). The reaction of (XXX) with methyl chloroformate/pyridine/DMAP or methyl chloroformate/triethylamine/DMAP or acetic anhydride gives the diols (XXXI), (XXXII) and (XXXIII), respectively, each of which coupled with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (XXXIV) in the presence of NaH and palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) in THF/DMSO, affords the purine intermediate (IX) already reported.
【1】
King, B.W.; Crimmins, M.T.; An efficient asymmetric approach to carbocyclic nucleosides: Asymmetric synthesis of 1592U89, a potent inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. J Org Chem 1996, 61, 13, 4192-3.
|
【2】
Graul, A.; Castaner, J.; Leeson, P.A.; Abacavir Sulfate. Drugs Fut 1998, 23, 11, 1155-1167.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(IX) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXIV) |
14694 |
(S)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone; (4S)-4-Benzyl-1,3-oxazolan-2-one; (S)-(-)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone
|
90719-32-7 |
C10H11NO2 |
详情 | 详情
|
(XXV) |
17666 |
1,1-dimethylpropionic 4-pentenoic anhydride
|
|
C10H16O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXVI) |
17667 |
(4S)-4-benzyl-3-(4-pentenoyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C15H17NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXVII) |
17668 |
acrylaldehyde; Acrolein
|
107-02-8 |
C3H4O |
详情 | 详情
|
(XXVIII) |
17669 |
(4S)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentenoyl]-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C18H21NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXIX) |
17670 |
(4S)-4-benzyl-3-[[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]carbonyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C16H17NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXX) |
17671 |
(1R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXXI) |
17672 |
[(1R,2R)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)oxy]-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl methyl carbonate
|
|
C10H14O6 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXXII) |
17673 |
(4aR,7aR)-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxin-2-one
|
|
C7H8O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXXIII) |
17674 |
[(1R,2R)-2-(acetoxy)-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C10H14O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XXXIV) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
合成路线14
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XII) A new solid phase synthesis of abacavir has been reported:
Condensation of the chiral 4(R)-benzyl-3-(4-pentenoyl)oxazolidin-2-thione (I) with acrolein (II) by means of TiCl4 and DIEA gives the adduct (III), which was transformed into the chiral cyclopentene (IV) by catalytic ring-closing metathesis. The reductive removal of the chiral auxiliary with LiBH4 affords the chiral diol (V), which is selectively silylated with TBDMSCl providing the primary silyl ether (VI). Acylation of the secondary alcohol of (VI) with benzoic anhydride gives the benzoate (VII), which is desilylated with HF in acetonitrile yielding the allylic benzoate (VIII). Benzoate (VIII) is condensed with a p-nitrophenyl Wang carbonate resin (IX) by means of DIEA and DMAP affording the solid phase resin (X) which is condensed with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (XI) by means of a Pd catalyst furnishing the adduct (XII). Thermal condensation of (XII) with cyclopropylamine (XIII) yields the diaminopurine resin (XIV) which, after cleavage from the resin by a treatment with TFA in dichloromethane, gives directly abacavir.
【1】
Zuercher, W.J.; Crimmins, M.T.; Solid-phase synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides. Org Lett 2000, 2, 8, 1065.
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中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
41704 |
1-[(4R)-4-benzyl-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-4-penten-1-one
|
|
C15H17NO2S |
详情 |
详情
|
(II) |
17668 |
acrylaldehyde; Acrolein
|
107-02-8 |
C3H4O |
详情 | 详情
|
(III) |
41705 |
(2S,3R)-2-allyl-1-[(4R)-4-benzyl-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-penten-1-one
|
|
C18H21NO3S |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
41706 |
[(4R)-4-benzyl-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl][(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanone
|
|
C16H17NO3S |
详情 |
详情
|
(V) |
17671 |
(1R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
41707 |
(1R,5R)-5-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C12H24O2Si |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
41708 |
(1R,5R)-5-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl benzoate
|
|
C19H28O3Si |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
41709 |
(1R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl benzoate
|
|
C13H14O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XI) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(XII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIII) |
12263 |
Cyclopropylamine; Cyclopropanamine
|
765-30-0 |
C3H7N |
详情 | 详情
|
合成路线15
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:
(XIII) An efficient asymmetric synthesis of abacavir has been reported: Acylation of the chiral oxazolidinone (I) with the mixed anhydride (II) by means of BuLi in THF gives the N-pentenoyloxazolidinone (III), which by condensation with acrolein (IV) catalyzed by TiCl4 and ()-spartein in dichloromethane yields the chiral adduct (V). The ring-closing metathesis of adduct (V) by means of the ruthenium catalyst (Cy3P)Cl2Ru=CHPh in dichloromethane affords the chiral cyclopentenol (VI), which is reduced to 5(R)-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1(R)-ol (VII) by means of LiBH4 in THF. Reaction of diol (VII) with a) Ac2O, TEA and DMAP, b) methyl chloroformate, TEA and DMAP or c) methyl chloroformate, pyridine and DMAP gives a) the diacetate (VIII), b) the cyclic carbonate (IX) or c) the dicarbonate (X), respectively. The condensation of diacetate (VIII), cyclic carbonate (IX) or dicarbonate (X) with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (XI) by means of Pd(PPh3)4 yields the carbocyclic purines (XII), (XIII) or (XIV), respectively. Treatment of these chloro-purines (XII), (XIII) and (XIV) with cyclopropylamine (XV) in hot DMSO provides the corresponding cyclopropylaminopurine carbonate (XVI), abacavir or cyclopropylaminopurine acetate (XVII), respectively. Finally, the protecting groups of purines (XVI) and (XVII) are hydrolyzed with aqueous NaOH.
【1】
Crimmins, M.T.; et al.; An efficient, general asymmetric synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides: Application of an asymmetric aldol/ring-closing metathesis strategy. J Org Chem 2000, 65, 25, 8499.
|
中间体序号 |
中间体编号 |
品名 |
CAS号 |
分子式 |
供应商 |
用于合成 |
(I) |
14694 |
(S)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone; (4S)-4-Benzyl-1,3-oxazolan-2-one; (S)-(-)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone
|
90719-32-7 |
C10H11NO2 |
详情 | 详情
|
(II) |
17666 |
1,1-dimethylpropionic 4-pentenoic anhydride
|
|
C10H16O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(III) |
17667 |
(4S)-4-benzyl-3-(4-pentenoyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C15H17NO3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IV) |
17668 |
acrylaldehyde; Acrolein
|
107-02-8 |
C3H4O |
详情 | 详情
|
(V) |
17669 |
(4S)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentenoyl]-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C18H21NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VI) |
17670 |
(4S)-4-benzyl-3-[[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]carbonyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
|
|
C16H17NO4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VII) |
17671 |
(1R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ol
|
|
C6H10O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(VIII) |
17674 |
[(1R,2R)-2-(acetoxy)-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C10H14O4 |
详情 |
详情
|
(IX) |
17673 |
(4aR,7aR)-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxin-2-one
|
|
C7H8O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(X) |
17672 |
[(1R,2R)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)oxy]-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl methyl carbonate
|
|
C10H14O6 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XI) |
11644 |
6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-amine; 6-Chloro-9H-purin-2-ylamine; 2-Amino-6-chloropurine
|
10310-21-1 |
C5H4ClN5 |
详情 | 详情
|
(XII) |
45424 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C13H14ClN5O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIII) |
17650 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methanol
|
|
C11H12ClN5O |
详情 |
详情
|
(XIV) |
45398 |
[(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl methyl carbonate
|
|
C13H14ClN5O3 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XV) |
12263 |
Cyclopropylamine; Cyclopropanamine
|
765-30-0 |
C3H7N |
详情 | 详情
|
(XVI) |
49433 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl acetate
|
|
C16H20N6O2 |
详情 |
详情
|
(XVII) |
49434 |
[(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]methyl methyl carbonate
|
|
C16H20N6O3 |
详情 |
详情
|