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【结 构 式】 
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【分子编号】16266 【品名】(2S)-hexahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid; (S)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid 【CA登记号】 |
【 分 子 式 】C5H10N2O2 【 分 子 量 】130.14668 【元素组成】C 46.14% H 7.74% N 21.52% O 24.59% |
合成路线1
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(XXIX)6) The chiral piperazine (VII) can be obtained by several different ways: 6a) The sequential protection of piperazine-2(S)-carboxylic acid (XXIX) gives 1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazine-2(S)-carboxylic acid (XXX), which is condensed with tert-butylamine by means of EDC and HOBt to afford the tert-butylamide (XXXI). Finally, this compound is selectively deprotected by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in methanol, yielding the chiral piperazine (VII). 6b) The partial hydrogenation of N-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carboxamide (XXXII) with H2 over Pd/C gives the tetrahydro derivative (XXXIII), which is sequentially protected as usual to the 1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazin e -2-carboxamide (XXXIV). Finally, this compound is hydrogenated using the chiral catalyst [R-BINAP(COD)Rh]OTf to afford the chiral piperazine (XXXI), already obtained. 6c) The N-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carboxamide (XXXII) is fully reduced with H2 over Pd/C in propanol, giving the racemic N-tert-butylpiperazine-2-carboxamide (XXXV), which is submitted to optical resolution with (S)-(+)-camphosulfonic acid, yielding the (S)-isomer (XXXVI), which is then selectively protected with tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride to give the desired chiral amide (VII).
| 【1】 Mealy, N.; Castaner, J.; Indinavir Sulfate. Drugs Fut 1996, 21, 6, 600. |
| 【2】 Rossen, K.; Weissman, S.A.; Sager, J.; Reamer, R.A.; Askin, D.; Volante, R.P.; Reider, P.J.; Asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrahydropyrazines: Synthesis of (S)-piperazine-2-tert-butylcarboxamide, an intermediate in the preparation of the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir. Tetrahedron Lett 1995, 36, 36, 6419-22. |
| 【3】 Vacca, J.P.; Guare, J.P.; Dorsey, B.D.; Holloway, M.K.; Hungate, R.W. (Merck & Co., Inc.); HIV protease inhibitors in pharmaceutical combinations for the treatment of AIDS. EP 0617968; JP 1996508496; WO 9422480 . |
| 【4】 Vacca, J.P.; Dorsey, B.D.; Guare, J.P.; Holloway, M.K.; Hungate, R.W.; Levin, R.B. (Merck & Co., Inc.); HIV protease inhibitors useful for the treatment of AIDS. EP 0696277; JP 1996509980; US 5413999; WO 9426717 . |
| 【5】 Askin, D.; Reider, P.; Rossen, K.; Varsolona, R.J.; Wells, K.M. (Merck & Co., Inc.); Process for making HIV protease inhibitors. WO 9502583 . |
| 【6】 Verhoeven, T.R.; Roberts, E.F.; Senanayake, C.H.; Ryan, K.M. (Merck & Co., Inc.); Regiospecific processes to make cis-1-amino-2-alkanol from diol or halohydrin. US 5449830 . |
| 【7】 Dorsey, B.D.; Levin, R.B.; McDaniel, S.L.; et al.; L-735,524: The design of a potent and orally bioavailable HIV protease inhibitor. J Med Chem 1994, 37, 21, 3443-51. |
| 【8】 Askin, D.; Eng, K.K.; Rossen, K.; Purick, R.M.; Wells, K.M.; Volante, R.P.; Reider, P.J.; Highly diastereoselective reaction of a chiral, non-racemic amide enolate with (S)-glycidyl tosylate. Synthesis of the orally active HIV-1 protease inhibitor L-735,524. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 5, 673-6. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (VII) | 16244 | tert-butyl (3S)-3-[(tert-butylamino)carbonyl]tetrahydro-1(2H)-pyrazinecarboxylate | 150323-35-6 | C14H27N3O3 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXIX) | 16266 | (2S)-hexahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid; (S)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid | C5H10N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXX) | 16267 | (2S)-1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hexahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid | C18H24N2O6 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXI) | 16268 | 1-benzyl 4-(tert-butyl) (2S)-2-[(tert-butylamino)carbonyl]tetrahydro-1,4-pyrazinedicarboxylate | C22H33N3O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXII) | 16269 | N-(tert-butyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide | 121885-10-7 | C9H13N3O | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXXIII) | 16270 | N-(tert-butyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide | C9H17N3O | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXIV) | 16271 | 4-benzyl 1-(tert-butyl) 5-[(tert-butylamino)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-pyrazinedicarboxylate | C22H31N3O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXV) | 16272 | N-(tert-butyl)-2-piperazinecarboxamide; Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide | C9H19N3O | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXVI) | 16273 | (2S)-N-(tert-butyl)hexahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide | C9H19N3O | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线2
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(I)(S)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (I) was sequentially protected as the 4-Boc derivative (II) and then as the 1-Alloc-4-Boc-piperazine (III). After conversion of (III) to benzyl ester (IV), its N-Boc group was selectively removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. The resultant 4-deprotected piperazine (V) was then alkylated with 3-chloro-3-methyl-1-butyne (VI) yielding (VII). Copper-promoted coupling of 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodopyridine (IX) prepared by halogenation of 4-hydroxypyridine (VIII) with N-iodosuccinimide with the propargyl piperazine (VII) gave rise to the furo[3,2-c]pyridine derivative (X). The N-Alloc protecting group was then replaced by the N-Boc group to yield (XII) via palladium catalyzed deprotection of (X), followed by treatment of the resultant piperazine (XI) with Boc2O. Simultaneous hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ester and the iodo substituent of (XII) led to acid (XIII). After coupling of (XIII) with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine, acidic cleavage of the N-Boc group furnished the piperazine-2-carboxamide (XIV).
| 【1】 gamma-Hydroxy-2-(fluoroalkylaminocarbonyl)-1-piperazinepentanamides as HIV protease inhibitors. EP 1242426; WO 0138332 . |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 16266 | (2S)-hexahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid; (S)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid | C5H10N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (II) | 51591 | (2R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C10H18N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 56252 | (2S)-1-[(allyloxy)carbonyl]-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C14H22N2O6 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 56253 | 1-allyl 2-benzyl 4-(tert-butyl) (2S)-1,2,4-piperazinetricarboxylate | C21H28N2O6 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 56254 | 1-allyl 2-benzyl (2S)-1,2-piperazinedicarboxylate | C16H20N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 22416 | 3-chloro-3-methyl-1-butyne | 1111-97-3 | C5H7Cl | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VII) | 56255 | 1-allyl 2-benzyl (2S)-4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)-1,2-piperazinedicarboxylate | C21H26N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VIII) | 56256 | 4-Hydroxypyridine; 4-Pyridinol; 4(1H)-Pyridone; 4-Pyridol; 4-Pyridone; gamma-Pyridone | 626-64-2 | C5H5NO | 详情 | 详情 |
| (IX) | 56257 | 3,5-diiodo-4-pyridinol | C5H3I2NO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (X) | 56258 | 1-allyl 2-benzyl (2S)-4-[1-(7-iodofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylethyl]-1,2-piperazinedicarboxylate | C26H28IN3O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XI) | 56259 | benzyl (2S)-4-[1-(7-iodofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylethyl]-2-piperazinecarboxylate | C22H24IN3O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XII) | 56260 | 2-benzyl 1-(tert-butyl) (2S)-4-[1-(7-iodofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylethyl]-1,2-piperazinedicarboxylate | C27H32IN3O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIII) | 56261 | (2S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(1-furo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl-1-methylethyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C20H27N3O5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIV) | 56262 | (2S)-4-(1-furo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl-1-methylethyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-piperazinecarboxamide | C17H21F3N4O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线3
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(I)(R)-Piperazinecarboxylic acid (I) is sequentially protected with 2-(t-butoxycarbonyloxy)imino-2-phenylacetonitrile to produce the 4N-Boc-piperazine (II), and then with cyclohexyl chloroformate, yielding the 1N-cyclohexyl carbamate (III). Selective N-Boc group cleavage in (III) under acidic conditions provides piperazine (IV). This is condensed with the tricyclic chloride (V) to furnish, after chromatographic separation of the isomers, the required intermediate (VI).
| 【1】 Cooper, A.B.; Girijavallabhan, V.M.; Mallams, A.K.; Doll, R.J.; Kelly, J.M.; Rane, D.F.; Taveras, A.G.; Guzi, T.; Strickland, C.; Chao, J. (Schering Corp.); Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. EP 1140904; JP 2002533335; WO 0037458 . |
| 【2】 Cooper, A.B.; Girijavallabhan, V.M.; Mallams, A.K.; Doll, R.J.; Kelly, J.M.; Rane, D.F.; Taveras, A.G.; Guzi, T.; Strickland, C.; Chao, J. (Schering Corp.); Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. US 6362188 . |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 16266 | (2S)-hexahydro-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid; (S)-Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid | C5H10N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (II) | 51591 | (2R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C10H18N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 51593 | (2R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-[(cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl]-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C17H28N2O6 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 51594 | (2R)-1-[(cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl]-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C12H20N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 17936 | 8,11-dichloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine | C14H11Cl2N | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 51595 | (2R)-4-[(11S)-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl]-1-[(cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl]-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid | C26H30ClN3O4 | 详情 | 详情 |