合成路线1

The condensation of thiophene (E) and 4-ethylbenzoyl chloride (IX) by means of SnCl4 in CH2Cl2 gives (4-ethylphenyl)(2-thienyl)ketone (X), which is brominated with N-bromosuccidine and benzoyl peroxide in CCl4 to [4-(1-bromoethyl)phenyl](2-thienyl)ketone (XI); then this product is treated with NaCN in DMSO to obtain the acetonitrile (VIII), which, without purification, is hydrolyzed with H2SO4 and acetic acid.

合成路线2

By a Friedel Kraft's condensation of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl chloride (I) with thiophene (II) by means of AlCl3 in refluxing carbon disulfide.

合成路线3

Condensation of 3,4,5-trichloro nitrobenzene (I) with 4-chlorobenzeneacetonitrile (II) by means of NaOH and N,N,N-triethylbenzylammonium chloride in THF yields substituted nitrobenzeneacetonitrile (III), which is subjected to hydrogenation over Pt/C in MeOH in the presence of thiophene to provide aniline (IV). Treatment of (IV) with HCl, HOAc and NaNO2, followed by reaction with ethyl N-(2-cyanoacetyl) carbamate (V) in AcOEt, furnishes ethyl carbamate derivative (VI), which is then subjected to cyclization by means of KOAc in refluxing HOAc to yield perhydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazine derivative (VII). Hydrolysis of the nitrile moiety of (VII) by treatment with HCl in refluxing HOAc gives carboxylic acid (VIII), which is finally decarboxylated by heating in 2-mercaptoacetic acid to provide the desired product.

合成路线4

Reaction of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (VIII) with oxalyl chloride and PPh3 gives the corresponding acyl chloride (IX), which is condensed with vinyltributylstannane, yielding 1-(2-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one (X). The addition of HCl to the double bond of (X) affords 3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanone (XI), which is reduced with BH3 and the chiral (R)-oxazaborolidine catalyst (XII) in THF to give (S)-3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanol (XIII) (4). Treatment of (XIII) with NaI in acetone affords the (S)-3-iodopropanol derivative (XIV), which is condensed with methylamine in THF to provide (S)-3-(methylamino)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanol (XV). Finally, this compound is condensed with 1-fluoronaphthalene (V) by means of NaH in DMA. The Friedel-Crafts condensation of thiophene (XVI) with 3-chloropropionyl chloride (XVII) by means of SnCl4 in benzene gives the previously reported 3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanone (XI), which is reduced with NaBH4 in ethanol to yield the racemic alcohol (XVIII). Optical resolution of (XVIII) performed by means of immobilized CALB (Novozyme 435, Novo-Nordisk A/S) affords the previously reported (S)-alcohol (XIII).

合成路线5

A new synthesis of MK-417 has been published: The reaction of thiophene (I) with butyllithium and sulfur in THF yields thiophene-2-thiol lithium salt (II) which, without isolation, is condensed with potassium 3-bromopropionate (III) in water - THF giving 3-(2-thienylthio)propanoic acid (IV). The cyclization of (IV) with trifluoroacetic anhydride in hot toluene affords 5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-4-one (V), which is oxidized with H2O2 and sodium tungstate in ethyl acetate - toluene to give the corresponding 7,7-dioxide (VI). The stereocontrolled reduction of (VI) with borane - methylsulfide and (S)-1-methyl-3,3-diphenyltetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxaazaborole as catalyst in THF yields (R)-(+)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-4-ol 7,7-dioxide (VII), which is converted to the corresponding sodium salt (VIII) with sodium acetylide in THF. This salt (VIII), without isolation, is treated with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to afford the corresponding tosylate (IX) which, also without isolation, is condensed with isobutylamine (X) to give (S)-(-)-4-(2-methylpropylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran 7,7-dioxide (XI). The reaction of (XI), first with oleum and then with thionyl chloride, yields the corresponding 2-sulfonyl chloride (XII), which is finally treated with aqueous ammonium hydroxide.

合成路线6

Liarozole fumarate is prepared as shown in Scheme 20970301a. Anisol is reacted with 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride (I) under Friedel-Craft conditions to give (3-chlorophenyl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (II). Nitration of (II) is carried out in dichloromethane at 10 C to yield (III). The methoxy group in (III) is replaced by the amino group by means of NH3 in 2-propanol at 100 C under pressure, giving (IV). By reduction of the keto function of (IV) with sodium borohydride in 2-propanol, the corresponding alcohol (V) is obtained, which upon treatment with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in refluxing dichloromethane yields the imidazolyl compound (VI). Hydrogenation of the nitro group in (VI), followed by cyclization of (VII) in a refluxing mixture of formic acid and 4N hydrochloric acid, gives the benzimidazole derivative (VIII). Finally, the treatment of (VIII) with fumaric acid in ethanol yields liarozole fumarate (IX).

合成路线7

Cycloaddition of ethyl diazoacetate to thiophene (I) in the presence of dirhodium tetraacetate gave bicyclic compound (II). Hydroboration of the olefin double bond of (II), followed by oxidative treatment with hydrogen peroxide provided alcohol (III), which was oxidized to ketone (IV) under Swern conditions. The Bucherer-Bergs reaction of (IV) with potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate produced the spiro hydantoin (V). Hydrolysis of the hydantoin ring in boiling aqueous NaOH then yielded the title compound.

合成路线8

The reaction of 2-(4-methylphenyl)acetic acid (I) with SOCl2 gives the corresponding acyl chloride (II), which is condensed with thiophene (III) by means SnCl4 yielding 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-(2-thienyl)ethanone (IV). The reduction of (IV) with hydrazine and KOH in hot triethylene glycol affords 2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]thiophene (V), which is condensed with 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride (VI), by means of AlCl3 in hot nitrobenzene giving the 5-oxopentanoic acid derivative (VII). The reduction of (VII) with hydrazine and KOH as before yields the pentanoic acid derivative (VIII), which is condensed with 4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine (IX) by means of oxalyl chloride to afford the acyl piperazine (X). Finally, the amide group of (X) is reduced with LiAlH4 in ethyl ether.

合成路线9

The reaction of 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid monomethyl ester (XI) with SOCl2 in dichloromethane gives the monoacyl chloride (XII), which is condensed with thiophene (III), by means of SnCl4 in dichloromethane yielding the 5-oxopentanoic ester (XIII). The reduction and simultaneous hydrolysis of (XIII) with hydrazine and KOH affords the pentanoic acid (XIV), which is reesterified with ethanol and sulfuric acid to the ester (XV). The condensation of (XV) with the previously described 2-phenylacetyl chloride (II) by means of SnCl4 in dichloromethane gives the ethanone derivative (XVI), which is reduced with hydrazine and KOH to the previously described pentanoic acid (VIII). Its condensation with piperazine (IX) to afford (X) and the final reduction to the target compound have already been described.

合成路线10

The reaction of 3-(4-methylphenyl)propionic acid (I) with SOCl2 gives the corresponding acyl chloride (II), which is condensed with thiophene (III) by means SnCl4 yielding 3-(4-methylphenyl)-1-(2-thienyl)propan-1-one (IV). The reduction of (IV) with hydrazine and KOH in hot triethylene glycol affords 2-[3-(4-methylphenyl)propyl]thiophene (V), which is condensed with 3,3-dimethyl glutaric anhydride (VI), by means of AlCl3 in hot nitrobenzene giving the 5-oxopentanoic acid derivative (VII). The reduction of (VII) with hydrazine and KOH as before yields the pentanoic acid derivative (VIII), which is condensed with 4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine (IX) by means of oxalyl chloride to afford the acyl piperazine (X). Finally, the amide group of (X) is reduced with LiAlH4 in ethyl ether.

合成路线11

The reaction of 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid monomethyl ester (XI) with SOCl2 in dichloromethane gives the monoacyl chloride (XII), which is condensed with thiophene (III), by means of SnCl4 in dichloromethane yielding the 5-oxopentanoic ester (XIII). The reduction and simultaneous hydrolysis of (XIII) with hydrazine and KOH affords the pentanoic acid (XIV), which is reesterified with ethanol and sulfuric acid to the ester (XV). The condensation of (XV) with the previously described 3-phenylpropionyl chloride (II) by means of SnCl4 in dichloromethane gives the propanone derivative (XVI), which is reduced with hydrazine and KOH to the previously described pentanoic acid (VIII). Its condensation with piperazine (IX) to afford (X) and the final reduction to the target compound have already been described.

合成路线12

The oxidation of p-chloroiodobenzene (I) with peracetic acid (II) in acetic acid affords 4-chloroiodosobenzene diacetate (III), which is then condensed with thiophene (IV) by means of acetic anhydride and trifluoroacetic acid yielding (p-chlorophenyl)-2-thienyliodonium trifluoroacetate (V). Finally this salt is treated with HCl in aqueous formic acid. (1-4)

合成路线13

Dilithiation of thiophene (I) employing an excess of BuLi in the presence of TMEDA produced the intermediate 2,5-dilithiothiophene (II). Addition of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (III) to the organolithium compound (II) afforded the bis-carbinol adduct (IV). Alternatively, addition of benzaldehyde (V) to (II) provided adduct (VI). Boron trifluoride-catalyzed condensation of pyrrole (VII) with diol (IV) yielded the bis(alpha-pyrrolylbenzyl)thiophene (VIII). The dithiaporphyrin derivative (IX) was then obtained by condensation between (VIII) and (VI) in the presence of boron trifluoride. Finally, aromatic sulfonation of (IX) with hot sulfuric acid, followed by neutralization with NaOH furnished the title disulfonate disodium salt.

合成路线14