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【结 构 式】 
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【分子编号】12218 【品名】5-Methyl-2,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]pyrimidine 【CA登记号】 |
【 分 子 式 】C13H26N2Si2 【 分 子 量 】266.53392 【元素组成】C 58.58% H 9.83% N 10.51% Si 21.07% |
合成路线1
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(II)FMAU is prepared by condensation of 3-O-benzoyl-2-fluoro-D-arabinosyl bromide (I) with trimethylsilylated thymine (II) followed by saponification of the protected nucleoside (III).
| 【1】 Lopez, C.; Reichman, U.; Fox, J.; Hirota, K.; Watanabe, K.A.; Nucleosides. 110. Synthesis and antiherpes virus activity of some 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyarabinofuranosylpyrimidine nucleosides. J Med Chem 1979, 22, 1, 21-24. |
| 【2】 Lopez, C.; Klein, R.S.; Su, T.L.; Fox, J.J.; Watanabe, K.A.; Matsuda, A.; Chun, M.W.; Chun, C.K.; Nucleosides. 123. Synthesis of sntiviral nucleosides: 5-substituted 1-(2-deoxy-2-halogeno-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosines and -uracils. Some structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 1983, 28, 2, 152-156. |
| 【3】 Lopez, C.; FMAU. Drugs Fut 1985, 10, 4, 288. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 29116 | [(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3-(acetoxy)-5-bromo-4-fluorotetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate | C14H14BrFO5 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (II) | 12218 | 5-Methyl-2,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]pyrimidine | C13H26N2Si2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 29117 | [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3-(acetoxy)-4-fluoro-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate | C19H19FN2O7 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线2
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(XXIII)Other methods based on the modification of carbohydrates have also been described: 7) Protection of readily available (S)-(+)-gamma-(hydroxymethyl)-gamma-butyrolactone (XIX) with tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride gives ether (XX), which is converted to the seleno derivative (XXI) on treatment with lithium hexamethyldisilazide and trimethylchlorosilane in tetrahydrofuran, followed by reaction with phenylselenylbromide. Reduction of (XXI) with diisobutylaluminum hydride in toluene followed by acetylation gives compound (XXII), which is reacted with (XXIII) and trimethylsilyltriflate in dichloroethane to afford stereoselectively compound (XXIV). The latter is finally submitted to elimination and deprotected by successive treatment with hydrogen peroxide in pyridine and tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran. 8) A related route involves treatment of (XX) with lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran and diphenylsulfide in HMPA to give (XXV), which is reduced and acetylated to yield (XXVI). Compound (XXVI) is treated with (XXIII) in the presence of tin tetrachloride in dichloromethane to afford (XXVII), which is oxidized with sodium periodate and submitted to elimination by treating in toluene-pyridine, to yield compound (XXVIII). Finally, compound (XXVIII) is deprotected with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran. 9) A third procedure begins with the protection of (XIX) as a tert-butoxycarbonyl ester to yield (XXIX), reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran to afford (XXX) and elimination after treatment with thionyl chloride in dichloromethane and potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran to give (XXXI). Subsequent reaction of compound (XXXI) with thymine (IX) in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane and trimethylsilyl chloride and N-chlorosuccinimide in tetrahydrofuran gives compound (XXXII), which is treated with potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran and deprotected with sodium methoxide in methanol.
| 【1】 Kim, C.U.; Martin, J.C. (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.); Processes for preparation of nucleoside derivs. EP 0501511 . |
| 【2】 Hammoudeh, A.J.; Haft, J.I.; Conte, P.J.; A general method for controlled glycosylation stereochemistry in the synthesis of 2'-deoxyribose nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 1990, 31, 2, 1815-8. |
| 【3】 Robinson, C.; Castaner, J.; Stavudine. Drugs Fut 1994, 19, 10, 925. |
| 【4】 Babu, J.R.; Beach, J.W.; Ahn, S.K.; Jeong, L.S.; Chu, C.K.; Huang, Huang, H.; Lee, S.J.; A highly stereoselective glycosylation of 2-(phenylselenyl)-2,3-dideoxyribose derivative with thymine: Synthesis of 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine and 3'-deoxythymidine. J Org Chem 1990, 55, 1418-20. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (IX) | 12204 | 5-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; Thymine | 65-71-4 | C5H6N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XIX) | 12008 | (5S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone; (S)-(+)-Dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3h)-furanone | 32780-06-6 | C5H8O3 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XX) | 12215 | (5S)-5-([[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | C21H26O3Si | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXI) | 12216 | (3R,5S)-5-([[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-3-(phenylselanyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | C27H30O3SeSi | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXII) | 12217 | (3R,5S)-5-([[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-3-(phenylselanyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl acetate | C29H34O4SeSi | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXIII) | 12218 | 5-Methyl-2,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]pyrimidine | C13H26N2Si2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXIV) | 12219 | 1-[(2R,3R,5S)-5-([[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-3-(phenylselanyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione | C32H36N2O4SeSi | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXV) | 12220 | (3R,5S)-5-([[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-3-(phenylsulfanyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | C27H30O3SSi | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXVI) | 12221 | (3R,5S)-5-([[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-3-(phenylsulfanyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl acetate | C29H34O4SSi | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXVII) | 12222 | 1-[(2R,3R,5S)-5-([[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-3-(phenylsulfanyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione | C32H36N2O4SSi | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXVIII) | 12223 | 1-[(2R,5S)-5-([[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione | C26H30N2O4Si | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXIX) | 12224 | [(2S)-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl pivalate | C10H16O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXX) | 12225 | [(2S)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl pivalate | C10H18O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXI) | 12226 | (2S)-2,3-dihydro-2-furanylmethyl pivalate | C10H16O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXII) | 12227 | [(2S,4R,5R)-4-chloro-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl pivalate | C15H21ClN2O5 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线3
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(XXIII)Finally, the first total synthesis of stavudine has also been described: Starting from epoxide (XXXIII), readily available in four steps from crotonaldehyde, compound (XXXIV) is obtained after reaction with selenophenol and diethylaluminum fluoride in dichloromethane. Reaction of (XXXIV) with hydrochloric acid in methanol-dichloromethane gives (XXXV), which is acetylated to give (XXXVI). Introduction of silylated thymine (XXIII) catalyzed by tert-butyldimethylsilyl triflate in dichloromethane affords compound (XXXVII), which is converted to (XXXVIII) on treatment with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in dichloromethane. Deprotection of (XXXVIII) provides an anomeric mixture of stavudine and its alpha-anomer (XXXIX).
| 【1】 Gardiner, J.M.; Jung, M.E.; Synthesis of antiviral nucleosides from crotonaldehyde. Part 3. Total synthesis of didehydrodideoxythymidine (d4T). Tetrahedron Lett 1992, 33, 27, 3841-4. |
| 【2】 Robinson, C.; Castaner, J.; Stavudine. Drugs Fut 1994, 19, 10, 925. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (XXIII) | 12218 | 5-Methyl-2,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]pyrimidine | C13H26N2Si2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXIII) | 12228 | [3-(2,2-Dimethoxyethyl)-2-oxiranyl]methanol | C7H14O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXIV) | 12229 | (2R,3S)-5,5-Dimethoxy-3-(phenylselanyl)-1,2-pentanediol | C13H20O4Se | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXV) | 12230 | [(2R,3S)-5-Methoxy-3-(phenylselanyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methanol | C12H16O3Se | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXVI) | 12231 | [(2R,3S)-5-methoxy-3-(phenylselanyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl acetate | C14H18O4Se | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXVII) | 12185 | 2-Diazo-3-oxo-5-[4-oxo-3-(2-phenoxy-acetamido)-azetidin-2-yl]-pentanoic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester | C23H21N5O8 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXVIII) | 12233 | [(2S)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl acetate | C12H14N2O5 | 详情 | 详情 |