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【结 构 式】 
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【分子编号】57609 【品名】5-Bromo-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole；4-Bromo-1,2-[(difluoromethylene)dioxy]benzene 【CA登记号】33070-32-5 |
【 分 子 式 】C7H3BrF2O2 【 分 子 量 】237.0004264 【元素组成】C 35.48% H 1.28% Br 33.71% F 16.03% O 13.5% |
合成路线1
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(IX)2-Bromo-3-methylpyridine (I) is converted to the corresponding N-oxide (II) by treatment with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in CH2Cl2. Reaction of N-oxide (II) with trimethylsilyl cyanide and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride gives rise to the 2-cyanopyridine (III). Subsequent radical bromination of (III) using NBS and AIBN affords the bromomethyl pyridine (IV). Lithiation of 1-methyl-2-(triethylsilyl)imidazole (V), followed by condensation with 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (VI), provides carbinol (VII). This is then condensed with bromide (IV) in the presence of Ag2O to give ether (VIII). 5-Bromo-2,2-difluorobenzodioxole (IX) is lithiated with butyllithium in cold Et2O and subsequently treated with triisopropyl borate to afford, after aqueous work-up, the arylboronic acid (X). Finally, Mitsunobu coupling between boronic acid (X) and the bromopyridine (VIII) provides the title compound.
| 【1】 Wang, L.; Hasvold, L.; Tong, Y.; et al.; Discovery of potent and orally active farnesyltransferase inhibitors. 224th ACS Natl Meet (Aug 18 2002, Boston) 2002, Abst MEDI 129. |
| 【2】 Sham, H.L.; Rockway, T.W.; Li, T.; Mantei, R.A.; Li, Q.; Lin, N.-H.; Wang, L.; Wang, W.; Wang, X.; Sullivan, G.M.; Wang, G.T.; Gwaltney, S.L. II; Claiborne, A.K.; Hasvold, L.A.; Tong, Y. (Abbott Laboratories Inc.); Farnesyltransferase inhibitors. US 2002115640; WO 0274747 . |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 57602 | 2-Bromo-3-methylpyridine; 2-Bromo-3-picoline | 3430-17-9 | C6H6BrN | 详情 | 详情 |
| (II) | 57603 | 2-bromo-3-methyl-1-pyridiniumolate | C6H6BrNO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 57604 | 6-bromo-5-methyl-2-pyridinecarbonitrile | C7H5BrN2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 57605 | 6-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)-2-pyridinecarbonitrile | C7H4Br2N2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 57606 | 1-methyl-5-(triethylsilyl)-1H-imidazole | C10H20N2Si | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 17552 | 4-formylbenzonitrile; 4-Cyanobenzaldehyde | 105-07-7 | C8H5NO | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VII) | 57607 | 4-[hydroxy(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]benzonitrile | C12H11N3O | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VIII) | 57608 | 6-bromo-5-{[(4-cyanophenyl)(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methoxy]methyl}-2-pyridinecarbonitrile | C19H14BrN5O | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IX) | 57609 | 5-Bromo-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole；4-Bromo-1,2-[(difluoromethylene)dioxy]benzene | 33070-32-5 | C7H3BrF2O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (X) | 57610 | 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylboronic acid | C7H5BF2O4 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线2
该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(I)Methoxycarbonylation of 5-bromo-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (I) under CO atmosphere in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and Et3N in MeOH/acetonitrile at 75 °C produces the benzodioxole carboxylate (II), which is reduced to primary alcohol (III) using LiAlH4 in THF . Similarly, alcohol (III) can be obtained by reduction of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (IV) with Red-Al in toluene . Chlorination of alcohol (III) with SOCl2, optionally in the presence of DMAP, in CH2Cl2 or MTBE affords 5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (V), which upon cyanation with NaCN in DMSO produces nitrile (VI) . In an alternative procedure, coupling of bromo benzodioxole (I) with ethyl cyanoacetate (VII) by means of Pd(dba)2, t-Bu3P and Na3PO4 in toluene/H2O at 70 °C yields the 2-cyanoacetate derivative (VIII), which undergoes decarboethoxylation to compound (VI) by means of HCl in DMSO/H2O at 75 °C . Dialkylation of nitrile (VI) with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (IX) in the presence of either NaOH and BnNEt3Cl or KOH and Oct4NBr at 70 °C yields 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (X). After hydrolysis of nitrile (X) with NaOH in boiling H2O or EtOH, the resulting carboxylic acid (XI) is chlorinated with SOCl2 in the presence of DMF toluene at 60 °C to provide the acid chloride (XII) . Condensation of the cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (XII) with 6-amino-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine (XIII) in pyridine at 110 °C affords the N-pyridyl amide (XIV), which finally undergoes Suzuki coupling with pinacol 3-carboxyphenylboronate (XV) by means of Pd(dppf)Cl2 and K2CO3 in hot DMF/H2O to furnish lumacaftor .
Alternatively, condensation of acid chloride (XII) with the biaryl amine (XVI) in the presence of Et3N and DMAP in toluene generates the tert-butyl ester (XVII), which is finally hydrolized by treatment with HCl in acetonitrile/water , followed by dissolving the obtained amino acid hydrochloride salt in aqueous NaOH or H2O, or by direct hydrolysis of ester (XVII) with HCOOH at 60-80 °C .
| 【1】 Hadida Rua, S., Hamilton, M., Miller, M., Grootenhuis, P.D.J., Bear, B., McCarthy, J., Zhou, J. (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Heterocyclic modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters. EP 1945632, EP 2395002, EP 2404919, JP 2009514962, US 2008113985, US 7741321, US 7973038, US 2011172229, US 2011312958, US 2012232059, WO 2007056341. |
| 【2】 Siesel, D. (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Processes for producing cycloalkylcarboxamido-pyridine benzoic acids. CN 101910134, EP 2231606, JP 2011506332, KR 201010132, US 2009176989, US 8124781, US 2012190856, WO 2009076142. |
| 【3】 Pilewski, J.M., Frizzell, R.A. Role of CFTR in airway disease. Physiol Rev 1999, 79(1, Suppl.): S215-55. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 57609 | 5-Bromo-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole；4-Bromo-1,2-[(difluoromethylene)dioxy]benzene | 33070-32-5 | C7H3BrF2O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (II) | 68629 | methyl 2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylate | 773873-95-3 | C9H6F2O4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (III) | 68630 | (2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methanol | C8H6F2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 68631 | 2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid;2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid | C8H4F2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 68632 | 5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole | C8H5ClF2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 68633 | 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile | C9H5F2NO2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VII) | 11877 | Cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester; Ethyl 2-cyanoacetate; Ethyl cyanoacetate; Ethyl isocyanacetate | 105-56-6 | C5H7NO2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VIII) | 68634 | ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetate | C12H9F2NO4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IX) | 24271 | 1-bromo-2-chloroethane | 107-04-0 | C2H4BrCl | 详情 | 详情 |
| (X) | 68635 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile | C11H7F2NO2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XI) | 68636 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | C11H8F2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XII) | 68637 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride | C11H7ClF2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIII) | 68639 | 6-amino-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine;2-Amino-6-chloro-5-methylpyridine;6-chloro-5-methyl-2-Pyridinamine | 442129-37-5 | C6H7ClN2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XIV) | 68638 | N-(6-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide | C17H13ClF2N2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XV) | 68641 | 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid;3-Carboxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester | 269409-73-6 | C13H17BO4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XVI) | 68642 | tert-butyl 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate | C17H20N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XVII) | 68640 | tert-butyl 3-(6-(1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamido)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate | C28H26F2N2O5 | 详情 | 详情 |