|
【结 构 式】 
|
【药物名称】Lumacaftor；VRT-826809；VX-809；ZunrisaTM 【化学名称】3-[6-[1-(2,2-Difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropylcarboxamido]-3-methylpyridin-2-yl]benzoic acid 【CA登记号】936727-05-8 【 分 子 式 】C24H18F2N2O5 【 分 子 量 】452.4069 |
【开发单位】Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (US) 【药理作用】Corrector of CFTR Folding;Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis |
合成路线1
Methoxycarbonylation of 5-bromo-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (I) under CO atmosphere in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and Et3N in MeOH/acetonitrile at 75 °C produces the benzodioxole carboxylate (II), which is reduced to primary alcohol (III) using LiAlH4 in THF . Similarly, alcohol (III) can be obtained by reduction of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (IV) with Red-Al in toluene . Chlorination of alcohol (III) with SOCl2, optionally in the presence of DMAP, in CH2Cl2 or MTBE affords 5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (V), which upon cyanation with NaCN in DMSO produces nitrile (VI) . In an alternative procedure, coupling of bromo benzodioxole (I) with ethyl cyanoacetate (VII) by means of Pd(dba)2, t-Bu3P and Na3PO4 in toluene/H2O at 70 °C yields the 2-cyanoacetate derivative (VIII), which undergoes decarboethoxylation to compound (VI) by means of HCl in DMSO/H2O at 75 °C . Dialkylation of nitrile (VI) with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (IX) in the presence of either NaOH and BnNEt3Cl or KOH and Oct4NBr at 70 °C yields 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (X). After hydrolysis of nitrile (X) with NaOH in boiling H2O or EtOH, the resulting carboxylic acid (XI) is chlorinated with SOCl2 in the presence of DMF toluene at 60 °C to provide the acid chloride (XII) . Condensation of the cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (XII) with 6-amino-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine (XIII) in pyridine at 110 °C affords the N-pyridyl amide (XIV), which finally undergoes Suzuki coupling with pinacol 3-carboxyphenylboronate (XV) by means of Pd(dppf)Cl2 and K2CO3 in hot DMF/H2O to furnish lumacaftor .
Alternatively, condensation of acid chloride (XII) with the biaryl amine (XVI) in the presence of Et3N and DMAP in toluene generates the tert-butyl ester (XVII), which is finally hydrolized by treatment with HCl in acetonitrile/water , followed by dissolving the obtained amino acid hydrochloride salt in aqueous NaOH or H2O, or by direct hydrolysis of ester (XVII) with HCOOH at 60-80 °C .
| 【1】 Hadida Rua, S., Hamilton, M., Miller, M., Grootenhuis, P.D.J., Bear, B., McCarthy, J., Zhou, J. (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Heterocyclic modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters. EP 1945632, EP 2395002, EP 2404919, JP 2009514962, US 2008113985, US 7741321, US 7973038, US 2011172229, US 2011312958, US 2012232059, WO 2007056341. |
| 【2】 Siesel, D. (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Processes for producing cycloalkylcarboxamido-pyridine benzoic acids. CN 101910134, EP 2231606, JP 2011506332, KR 201010132, US 2009176989, US 8124781, US 2012190856, WO 2009076142. |
| 【3】 Pilewski, J.M., Frizzell, R.A. Role of CFTR in airway disease. Physiol Rev 1999, 79(1, Suppl.): S215-55. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 57609 | 5-Bromo-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole；4-Bromo-1,2-[(difluoromethylene)dioxy]benzene | 33070-32-5 | C7H3BrF2O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (II) | 68629 | methyl 2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylate | 773873-95-3 | C9H6F2O4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (III) | 68630 | (2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methanol | C8H6F2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 68631 | 2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid;2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid | C8H4F2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 68632 | 5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole | C8H5ClF2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VI) | 68633 | 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile | C9H5F2NO2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VII) | 11877 | Cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester; Ethyl 2-cyanoacetate; Ethyl cyanoacetate; Ethyl isocyanacetate | 105-56-6 | C5H7NO2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VIII) | 68634 | ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetate | C12H9F2NO4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IX) | 24271 | 1-bromo-2-chloroethane | 107-04-0 | C2H4BrCl | 详情 | 详情 |
| (X) | 68635 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile | C11H7F2NO2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XI) | 68636 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | C11H8F2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XII) | 68637 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride | C11H7ClF2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIII) | 68639 | 6-amino-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine;2-Amino-6-chloro-5-methylpyridine;6-chloro-5-methyl-2-Pyridinamine | 442129-37-5 | C6H7ClN2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XIV) | 68638 | N-(6-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide | C17H13ClF2N2O3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XV) | 68641 | 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid;3-Carboxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester | 269409-73-6 | C13H17BO4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XVI) | 68642 | tert-butyl 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate | C17H20N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XVII) | 68640 | tert-butyl 3-(6-(1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamido)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate | C28H26F2N2O5 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线2
The intermediate 6-amino-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine (XIII) is prepared by protection of 2-amino-5-methylpyridine (XVIII) with pivaloyl chloride in the presence of Et3N in CH2Cl2 to give the N-pyridyl pivalamide (XIX), which is converted to the corresponding N-oxide (XX) by treatment with H2O2 in AcOH at 80 °C. Rearrangement of the N-oxide (XX) by means of POCl3 and Et3N in refluxing CH2Cl2 leads to the chloropyridine (XXI), which is finally hydrolyzed with aqueous HCl at 80 °C .
| 【1】 Hadida Rua, S., Hamilton, M., Miller, M., Grootenhuis, P.D.J., Bear, B., McCarthy, J., Zhou, J. (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Heterocyclic modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters. EP 1945632, EP 2395002, EP 2404919, JP 2009514962, US 2008113985, US 7741321, US 7973038, US 2011172229, US 2011312958, US 2012232059, WO 2007056341. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (XIII) | 68639 | 6-amino-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine;2-Amino-6-chloro-5-methylpyridine;6-chloro-5-methyl-2-Pyridinamine | 442129-37-5 | C6H7ClN2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XVIII) | 12752 | 5-Methyl-2-pyridinylamine; 2-Amino-5-methylpyridine; 5-Methyl-2-pyridinamine; 6-Amino-beta-picoline; 6-Amino-3-picoline | 1603-41-4 | C6H8N2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XIX) | 68643 | N-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)pivalamide | C11H16N2O | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XX) | 68644 | 5-methyl-2-pivalamidopyridine 1-oxide | C11H16N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXI) | 68645 | N-(6-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)pivalamide | C11H15ClN2O | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线3
Intermediate (XVI) is prepared by Suzuki coupling of 2-bromo-3-methylpyridine (XXII) with 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenylboronic acid (XXIII) in the presence of PdCl2(dppf) and K2CO3 in toluene at 65 °C to give tert-butyl 3-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate (XXIV), which upon oxidation of the pyridine ring using urea-hydrogen peroxide and phthalic anhydride in EtOAc/H2O furnishes the pyridine-N-oxide (XXV). Finally, compound (XXV) is submited to rearrangement with Ms2O in the presence of pyridine in acetonitrile at 70 °C followed by quenching with ethanolamine .
| 【1】 Siesel, D. (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). Processes for producing cycloalkylcarboxamido-pyridine benzoic acids. CN 101910134, EP 2231606, JP 2011506332, KR 201010132, US 2009176989, US 8124781, US 2012190856, WO 2009076142. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (XVI) | 68642 | tert-butyl 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate | C17H20N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXII) | 57602 | 2-Bromo-3-methylpyridine; 2-Bromo-3-picoline | 3430-17-9 | C6H6BrN | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXIII) | 68646 | 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenylboronic acid;3-tert-Butoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid | 220210-56-0 | C11H15BO4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXIV) | 68648 | tert-butyl 3-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate | C17H19NO2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXV) | 68647 | 2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-3-methylpyridine 1-oxide | C17H19NO3 | 详情 | 详情 |