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【结 构 式】

【分子编号】12206

【品名】1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine

【CA登记号】1463-10-1

【 分 子 式 】C10H14N2O6

【 分 子 量 】258.23104

【元素组成】C 46.51% H 5.46% N 10.85% O 37.17%

与该中间体有关的原料药合成路线共 8 条

合成路线1

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(XI)

4) Reaction of thymine (IX) with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoylribose (X) and hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylsilyl chloride and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in acetonitrile, followed by cleavage of the protecting groups with sodium methoxide in methanol gives 5-methyluridine (XI). Compound (XI) is converted to (XII) by means of 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide in acetonitrile, subsequent reaction of (XII) with zinc-copper in dimethylformamide yields (XIII), which is finally deprotected with sodium methoxide in methanol. 5) 5-Methyluridine (XI) can also be converted to (XIV) by means of trimethylorthoacetate in acetic acid. Compound (XIV) is then treated with hydrobromic acid to give (XV), which is treated with zinc in acetonitrile and EDTA or is successively treated with acetic anhydride, zirconium oxide and tributylamine.

1 Ineyama, T.; Shiragami, H.; Izawa, K.; Uchida, Y.; Synthesis of 1-(2,3-dideoxy-beta-d-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine (d4T; stavudine) from 5-methyluridine. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1996, 15, 1-3, 47.
2 Ebata, T.; Matsushita, H.; Mizutani, N.; Itoh, K. (Japan Tobacco Inc.); Process for producing 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydronucleoside. WO 9202516 .
3 Shiragami, H.; Uchida, Y.; Izawa, K. (Ajinomoto Co., Inc.); Nucleoside derivs. and production thereof. EP 0519464 .
4 Tortolani, D.R.; Brodfuehrer, P.R.; Starrett, J.E. Jr.; Martin, J.C.; Howell, H.G.; Mansuri, M.M.; Wos, J.A.; Preparation of 1-(2,3-ideoxy-beta-d-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine (d4T) and 2',30-dideoxyadenosine (ddA): General methods for the synthesis of 2',3'-olefinic and 2',3'-dideoxy nucleoside analogues active against HIV. J Org Chem 1989, 54, 4780-5.
5 Robinson, C.; Castaner, J.; Stavudine. Drugs Fut 1994, 19, 10, 925.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(IX) 12204 5-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; Thymine 65-71-4 C5H6N2O2 详情 详情
(X) 12205 (2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-[(benzyloxy)methyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl acetate C28H30O6 详情 详情
(XI) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(XII) 12207 [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3-(acetoxy)-4-bromo-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C18H23BrN2O9 详情 详情
(XIII) 12208 [(2S,5R)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C16H20N2O7 详情 详情
(XIV) 12209 1-[(3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C13H18N2O7 详情 详情
(XV) 12210 (2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-3-furanyl acetate C12H15BrN2O6 详情 详情

合成路线2

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(V)

The synthesis of [1'-14C]-labeled stavudine has been published: The reaction of labeled D-ribofuranose (I) first with methanol and acetyl chloride and then with benzoyl chloride gives 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-1-O-methyl-D-ribofuranoside (II), which is acetylated with acetic anhydride and acetic acid to 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranoside (III). The condensation of (III) with thymine (IV) by means of hexamethyldisylazane (HMDS), trimethylsilyl chloride (TMS-Cl) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, followed by a basic hydrolysis with NaOMe affords 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)thymine (V), which is treated with methanesulfonyl chloride in pyridine giving the trimesylate (VI). The reaction of (VI) with sodium benzoate in hot DMF yields the benzoylated internal ether (VII), which is treated with acetyl bromide in acetic acid/HBr affording 1-[2-bromo-2-deoxy-5-O-benzoyl-3-O-(methanesulfonyl)-beta-D-ribofuranos yl]thymine (VIII). The reaction of (VIII) with Zn in the same solvent as before gives 5'-O-benzoylstavudine (IX), which is finally debenzoylated with NaOCH3 in methanol.

1 Discordia, R.P.; Synthesis of 1'-[C-14]-Stavudine(R) (d4T). J Label Compd Radiopharm 1996, 38, 7, 613.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 10016 D-Ribose; (3R,4S,5R)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2,3,4-furantriol; (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanal 50-69-1 C5H10O5 详情 详情
(I) 45109 (3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2,3,4-furantriol C5H10O5 详情 详情
(II) 12247 [(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-bis(benzoyloxy)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C27H24O8 详情 详情
(II) 45110 [(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-bis(benzoyloxy)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C27H24O8 详情 详情
(III) 17523 [(2S,3S,4S,5R)-5-(acetoxy)-3,4-bis(benzoyloxy)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate 6974-32-9 C28H24O9 详情 详情
(III) 45111 [(2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-(acetoxy)-3,4-bis(benzoyloxy)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C28H24O9 详情 详情
(IV) 12204 5-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; Thymine 65-71-4 C5H6N2O2 详情 详情
(V) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(V) 45112 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(VI) 12251 1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Bis[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-5-([[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]methyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C19H32N2O6S3 详情 详情
(VI) 45113 1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-5-([[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]methyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C19H32N2O6S3 详情 详情
(VII) 12252 ((2R,3R,3aS,9aR)-7-methyl-3-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-6-oxo-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-6H-furo[2',3':4,5][1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl benzoate C20H22N2O6S 详情 详情
(VII) 45114 ((2R,3R,3aS,9aR)-7-methyl-3-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-6-oxo-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-6H-furo[2',3':4,5][1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl benzoate C20H22N2O6S 详情 详情
(VIII) 12253 [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-bromo-3-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C20H23BrN2O6S 详情 详情
(VIII) 45115 [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-bromo-3-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C20H23BrN2O6S 详情 详情
(IX) 12254 [(2S,5R)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C17H16N2O5 详情 详情
(IX) 45116 [(2S,5R)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C17H16N2O5 详情 详情

合成路线3

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(I)

An improved process for the preparation of high purity stavudine in a good yield was reported: The reaction of 5-methyluridine (I) with mesyl chloride and NMM in acetone, followed by a treatment with 6N NaOH gives the 2,2'-anhydro-5-methyluridine derivative (II), which is treated successively with potassium benzoate in DMF, HBr in acetic acid, and finally with Zn in DMF to yield 2',3'-anhydro-5'-O-benzoylthymidine (III). Finally, this compound is debenzoylated with hot butylamine.

1 Reddy, J.P.; Quinlan, S.L.; Reid, J.G.; Renner, D.A.; Weaver, D.G.; Stark, D.R.; Chen, B.-C.; Independent syntesis and fate studies of impurities in process intermediates of the anti-AIDS drug d4T. Org Process Res Dev 1998, 2, 3, 203.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(II) 41035 (2R,3R,3aS,9aR)-7-methyl-2-[[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]methyl]-6-oxo-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-6H-furo[2',3':4,5][1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl methanesulfonate C12H16N2O9S2 详情 详情
(III) 12254 [(2S,5R)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C17H16N2O5 详情 详情

合成路线4

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(I)

The sulfonation of 5-methyluridine (I) with MsCl and NMM in acetone gives the trimesylate (II) which is treated with sodium benzoate in hot acetamide to yield the cyclic benzoylated anhydro compound (III). The reaction of (III) with acetyl bromide in methanol/ethyl acetate affords the bromo derivative (IV), which is debrominated with Zn in the same solvent with a catalytic amount of HOAc to furnish the unsaturated sugar derivative (V). Finally this compound is debenzoylated with hot butylamine.

1 Chen, B.-C.; et al.; 5-Benzoyl-2'alpha-bromo-3'-O-methanesulfonylthymidine: A superior nucleoside for the synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug d4T(stavudine). Tetrahedron Lett 1995, 36, 44, 7957.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(II) 12251 1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Bis[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-5-([[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]methyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C19H32N2O6S3 详情 详情
(III) 12252 ((2R,3R,3aS,9aR)-7-methyl-3-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-6-oxo-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-6H-furo[2',3':4,5][1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl benzoate C20H22N2O6S 详情 详情
(IV) 12253 [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-bromo-3-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C20H23BrN2O6S 详情 详情
(V) 12254 [(2S,5R)-5-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl benzoate C17H16N2O5 详情 详情

合成路线5

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(I)

The reaction of 5-methyluridine (I) with 1,1-dimethoxycyclopentane (II) by means of TsOH in hot dichloroethane gives the corresponding cyclic ketal (III), which is protected with 4-methoxybenzyl bromide and NaH in DME yielding the N,O-diprotected compound (IV). Elimination of the ketal protecting group of (IV) with dichloroacetic acid in water affords N3,O5'-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyluridine (V), which is treated with PPh3, I2 and imidazole in hot toluene/acetonitrile to provide 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-N3,O5’-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyluridine (VI). Finally this compound is deprotected with ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate in acetonitrile/water.

1 Luzzio, F.A.; Menes, M.E.; A facile route to pyrimidine-based nuceloside olefins: Application to the synthesis of d4T(stavudine). J Org Chem 1994, 59, 24, 7267.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(II) 41892 1,1-dimethoxycyclopentane; 1-methoxycyclopentyl methyl ether 931-94-2 C7H14O2 详情 详情
(III) 41893   C15H20N2O6 详情 详情
(IV) 41894   C31H36N2O7 详情 详情
(V) 41895 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-methoxyphenethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C26H30N2O7 详情 详情
(VI) 41896 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1-[(2R,5R)-5-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C26H28N2O5 详情 详情

合成路线6

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(I)

The reaction of 5-methyluridine (I) with TrCl and pyridine gives the 5'-O-trityl derivative (II), which is oxidized with NaIO4 in ethanol/water to yield the dialdehyde (III). The Wittig reaction of (III) with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (IV) and t-BuOK in toluene to afford the bis vinyl compound (V), which is submitted to a ring closing metathesis reaction catalyzed by a Ru catalyst in dichloromethane to provide the unsaturated nucleoside (VI). Finally, this compound is deprotected by means of AcOH in water to furnish the target Stavudine.

1 Ewing, D.F.; et al.; Synthesis of acyclic bis-vinyl pyrimidines: A general route to d4T via metathesis. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 7, 941.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(II) 41905 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(trityloxy)methyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C29H28N2O6 详情 详情
(III) 62190 (2R)-2-({(1R)-1-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2-oxoethyl}oxy)-3-(trityloxy)propanal C29H26N2O6 详情 详情
(IV) 30484 Methyl(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide 1779-49-3 C19H18BrP 详情 详情
(V) 62191 5-methyl-1-[(1R)-1-({(1S)-1-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2-propenyl}oxy)-2-propenyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C31H30N2O4 详情 详情
(VI) 12199 5-Methyl-1-[(2R,5S)-5-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C29H26N2O4 详情 详情

合成路线7

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(I)

The reaction of 5-methyluridine (I) with trityl chloride (II) and pyridine gives the 5'-O-trityl analogue (III), which is submitted to an oxidative cleavage of the vicinal dihydroxy group by means of NaIO4 in EtOH/water to yield the dialdehyde (IV). The double Wittig olefination of (IV) by means of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (V) and t-BuOK in toluene affords the bis alkene (VI), which is submitted to a ring closing metathesis by means of the Grubb's catalyst in dichloromethane to provide the unsaturated nucleoside (VII). Finally, this compound was deprotected by means of 80% AcOH to furnish the target Stavudine.

1 Ewing, D.; Glacon, V.; Mackenzie, G.; Postel, D.; Len, C.; A novel approach to unsaturated acyclic nucleoside analogues and the first synthesis of d4T by ring closure metathesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2002, 43, 19, 3503.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(II) 28630 Triphenylchloromethane; 1-[Chloro(diphenyl)methyl]benzene; Trityl chloride 76-83-5 C19H15Cl 详情 详情
(III) 41905 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(trityloxy)methyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C29H28N2O6 详情 详情
(IV) 62190 (2R)-2-({(1R)-1-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2-oxoethyl}oxy)-3-(trityloxy)propanal C29H26N2O6 详情 详情
(V) 30484 Methyl(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide 1779-49-3 C19H18BrP 详情 详情
(VI) 62191 5-methyl-1-[(1R)-1-({(1S)-1-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2-propenyl}oxy)-2-propenyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C31H30N2O4 详情 详情
(VII) 12199 5-Methyl-1-[(2R,5S)-5-[(trityloxy)methyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C29H26N2O4 详情 详情

合成路线8

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(XXXVI)

Condensation of 1-(b-L-ribofuranosyl)thymine (XXXVI) with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (XXXVII) in pyridine gives the cyclic disiloxane nucleoside (XXXVIII), which is acylated with thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) in DMF to yield the 2'-O-thioester derivative (XXXIX). Reduction of this compound by means of 2,2'-azobis(methylpropionitrile) (ABMP) and Bu3SnH in refluxing toluene affords the silylated 2'-deoxynucleoside (XL), which is finally desilylated by means of TBAF in THF.

1 Sorbera, L.A.; Castañer, J.; Castañer, R.M.; Bayes, M.; Telbivudine. Drugs Fut 2003, 28, 9, 870.
2 Dowle, M.D.; Wu, W.-Y.; Jin, B.; Mason, A.M.; McConnell, D.; MacDonald, S.J.F.; Shanahan, S.E.; Nguyen, V.T.T. (Biota Scientific Management Pty Ltd.); Dimeric cpds. and their use as anti-viral agents. WO 0340135 .
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(XXXVI) 12206 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Methyluridine 1463-10-1 C10H14N2O6 详情 详情
(XXXVII) 29242 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane 69304-37-6 C12H28Cl2OSi2 详情 详情
(XXXVIII) 62920 1-[(6aS,8S,9S,9aR)-9-hydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-8-yl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C22H40N2O7Si2 详情 详情
(XXXIX) 62921 O-{(6aS,8S,9S,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyl-8-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-yl} 1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate C26H42N4O7SSi2 详情 详情
(XL) 62922 1-[(6aS,8S,9aR)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-8-yl]-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C22H40N2O6Si2 详情 详情
Extended Information