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【结 构 式】 
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【药物名称】UCB-34714；Brivaracetam；Rikelta™ 【化学名称】2(S)-[2-Oxo-4(R)-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl]butyramide 【CA登记号】357336-20-0, 357335-87-6 (racemate) 【 分 子 式 】C11H20N2O2 【 分 子 量 】212.29425 |
【开发单位】UCB (Originator) 【药理作用】ANALGESIC AND ANESTHETIC DRUGS, Analgesic Drugs, Antiepileptic Drugs, Extrapyramidal Disorders, Treatment of, NEUROLOGIC DRUGS, Neuropathic Pain, Treatment of |
合成路线1
Condensation of 2(S)-aminobutyramide (I) with Meldrum’s acid derivative (II) in refluxing acetonitrile affords a mixture of two pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid regioisomers, (III) and (IV), which, without isolation, are subjected to decarboxylation in methyl isobutyl ketone at 120 °C, and then separated by column chromatography .
Alternatively, 2(S)-aminobutyramide (I) –obtained by basification of either its tartrate salt with NH4OH/i-PrOH or its hydrochloride salt with NH3/i-PrOH (2)– is reductively condensed with 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2-furanone (V) by means of NaBH4 and NaOH in H2O/toluene, yielding the dihydropyrrol-2-one (VI) . Transfer hydrogenation of compound (VI) with ammonium formate and Pd/C in H2O at 50 °C provides the diastereomeric mixture of pyrrolidinones (VII) , which are finally separated by column chromatography or recrystallization .
The intermediate dihydropyrrolone (VII) is alternatively obtained by direct condensation of furanone (V) with 2(S)-aminobutyramide (I) in the presence of H2 and Pd/C in AcOH/i-PrOH or by cyclization of aminoamide (I) with 3-(iodomethyl)hexanoyl chloride (VIII) by means of KOH and tetrabutylammonium bromide in CH2Cl2 .
Amide (VII) is also prepared from 2-(2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidino)-butyric acid (IX) via activation as the corresponding mixed anhydride with ethyl chloroformate and Et3N in THF, followed by quenching with liquid ammonia .
Similarly, alkylation of optically pure 4(R)-propyl-2-pyrrolidinone (X) with racemic methyl 2-bromobutyrate (XI) in the presence of NaH in THF affords pyrrolidinone butyrate methyl ester (XII) as a diastereomeric mixture. Subsequent ammonolysis of ester (XII) with aqueous ammonia gives the corresponding mixture of amides (XIII) separated using column chromatography .
| 【1】 Ates, C., Schule, A. (UCB SA). 3-Carboxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives and their uses. EP 1993998, JP 2009518335, US 2009012313, WO 2007065634. |
| 【2】 Surtees, J., Lurquin, F., Diouf, O. (UCB SA). Process for preparing 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives. CA 2538938, EP 1667967, JP 2007515387, US 2007100150, US 7629474, WO 2005028435. |
| 【3】 Kenda, B., Matagne, A., Michel, P., Pasau, P., Differding, E., Lallemand, B., Talaga, P. (UCB SA). 2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives, processes for preparing them and their uses. EP 1447399, EP 1452524, EP 1604979, JP 2003523996, JP 2003528828, JP 2006022107, JP 2007182459, US 200312000, US 2004116507, US 2005171187, US 2005171188, US 2005159475, US 2008097109, US 6784197, US 6806287, US 6911461, US 7358276, WO 2001062726, WO 2001064637. |
| 【4】 Kenda, B.M., Matagne, A.C., Talaga, P.E. et al. Discovery of 4-substituted pyrrolidone butanamides as new agents with significant antiepileptic activity. J Med Chem 2004, 47(3): 530-49. |
| 【5】 Surtees, J., Bouvy, D., Thomas, A., Combret, Y., Frank, M., Schmidt, G. (UCB SA). Process for the preparation of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives. EP 1806339. |
| 【6】 Ates, C., Lurquin, F., Quesnel, Y., Schule, A. (UCB SA). 4-Substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones and their use. EP 1926710, JP 2009507870, US 2009318708, WO 2007031263. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I) | 11262 | (2S)-2-Aminobutanamide | C4H10N2O | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (II) | 69027 | (R)-6,6-dimethyl-1-propyl-5,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octane-4,8-dione | C11H16O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (III) | 69028 | (4R)-1-((R)-1-amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid | C12H20N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IV) | 69029 | 1-((R)-1-amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-2-oxo-5-propylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid | C12H20N2O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (V) | 58391 | 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2(5H)-furanone；5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2-furanone | 78920-10-2 | C7H10O3 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VI) | 58392 | (2R)-2-(2-oxo-4-propyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanamide | C11H18N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VII) | 69030 | (2R)-2-(2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide | C11H20N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (VIII) | 69031 | 3-(iodomethyl)hexanoyl chloride | C7H12ClIO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (IX) | 69032 | (2S)-2-(2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid | C11H19NO3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (X) | 69034 | 4(R)-propyl-2-pyrrolidinone | C7H13NO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XI) | 69033 | methyl 2-bromobutyrate;2-Bromobutyric acid methyl ester | 3196-15-4 | C5H9BrO2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XII) | 69035 | methyl 2-((R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoate | C12H21NO3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIII) | 69036 | 2-((R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide | C11H20N2O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线2
The Meldrum’s acid derivative (II) is prepared by the following method. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1-pentene (XIV) by means of AD-mix-β in tert-butanol/water produces (R)-1,2-pentanediol (XV), which is treated with SOCl2 in chloroform to generate the cyclic sulfite (XVI). This compound, without isolation, is oxidized with RuCl3 and NaIO4 to afford the cyclic sulfate (XVII), which is then condensed with dimethyl malonate (XVIII) by means of NaH in dimethoxyethane to provide the spirocyclopropane (XIX). Hydrolysis of the ester groups of (XIX) by means of aqueous NaOH gives the corresponding diacid (XX), which is reacted with acetone in the presence of H2SO4 to yield the target dioxane dione (II) .
| 【1】 Ates, C., Schule, A. (UCB SA). 3-Carboxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives and their uses. EP 1993998, JP 2009518335, US 2009012313, WO 2007065634. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (II) | 69027 | (R)-6,6-dimethyl-1-propyl-5,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octane-4,8-dione | C11H16O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XIV) | 69037 | 1-pentene;pent-1-ene;1-Methyl-3-butene;Propylethylene;a-n-Amylene | 109-67-1 | C5H10 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XV) | 69038 | (R)-1,2-pentanediol；(R)-Pentane-1,2-diol；(2R)-1,2-Pentanediol | 108340-61-0 | C5H12O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XVI) | 69039 | (4R)-4-propyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide | C5H10O3S | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XVII) | 69040 | (R)-4-propyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide | C5H10O4S | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XVIII) | 19373 | dimethyl malonate；Methyl malonate;Propanedioic acid dimethyl ester | 108-59-8 | C5H8O4 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XIX) | 69041 | (R)-dimethyl 2-propylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate | C10H16O4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XX) | 69042 | (R)-2-propylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid | C8H12O4 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线3
5-Hydroxy-4-propyl-2-furanone (V) is obtained by aldol condensation of glyoxylic acid (XXI) with valeraldehyde (XXII) in the presence of morpholine in heptane, followed by cyclization of the intermediate aldehyde acid under acidic conditions .
Preparation of iodoacyl chloride (VIII) starts with the conjugate addition of propylmagnesium bromide (XXIV) to 2-furanone (XXIII) in the presence of CuI and TMSCl in ethyl ether to produce 4-propylbutyrolactone (XXV), which undergoes lactone ring opening by means of iodotrimethylsilane in CH2Cl2, affording 3-(iodomethyl)hexanoic acid (XXVI), and finally, chlorination of acid (XXVI) with SOCl2 in benzene .
| 【1】 Surtees, J., Lurquin, F., Diouf, O. (UCB SA). Process for preparing 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives. CA 2538938, EP 1667967, JP 2007515387, US 2007100150, US 7629474, WO 2005028435. |
| 【2】 Kenda, B.M., Matagne, A.C., Talaga, P.E. et al. Discovery of 4-substituted pyrrolidone butanamides as new agents with significant antiepileptic activity. J Med Chem 2004, 47(3): 530-49. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (V) | 58391 | 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2(5H)-furanone；5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2-furanone | 78920-10-2 | C7H10O3 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (VIII) | 69031 | 3-(iodomethyl)hexanoyl chloride | C7H12ClIO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXI) | 15618 | 2-Oxoacetic acid; Glyoxylic Acid | 298-12-4 | C2H2O3 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXII) | 13409 | n-Valeraldehyde; Pentanal | 110-62-3 | C5H10O | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXIII) | 19267 | 2(5H)-furanone；furan-2(5H)-one；2-Buten-1,4-olide | 497-23-4 | C4H4O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXIV) | 10790 | Bromo(propyl)magnesium；bromopropylMagnesium；4-propylbutyrolactone；propylmagnesiumbromide；n-propylmagnesium bromide；Bromopropylmagnesium; | 927-77-5 | C3H7BrMg | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXV) | 69043 | 4-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | C7H12O2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXVI) | 69044 | 3-(iodomethyl)hexanoic acid | C7H13IO2 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线4
Conjugate addition of nitromethane to 2-hexenoic acid ethyl ester (XXVII) by means of DBU gives ethyl 2-(nitromethyl)hexanoate (XXVIII), which by nitro group reduction with H2 and Raney-Ni in MeOH at 55 °C cyclizes to the racemic lactam (XXIX). Resolution of compound (XXIX) using chiral column chromatography results in the optically pure (R)-enantiomer (X) .
The intermediate pyrrolidinone butyric acid (IX) can be obtained by N-alkylation of 4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinone (XXIX) with (R)-2-bromobutyric acid (XXX) in the presence of NaH in THF .
In an alternative procedure, alkylation of ethyl 4-amino-3-propylbutyrate hydrochloride (XXXI) with methyl (R)-2-bromobutyrate (XXXII) by means of K2CO3 in acetonitrile gives the amino diester (XXXIII), which cyclizes to the pyrrolidinone (XXXIV) by heating in toluene at 80 °C in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2-hydroxypyridine. Finally, saponification of methyl ester (XXXIV) using aqueous NaOH then affords the corresponding carboxylic acid (IX) .
| 【1】 Surtees, J., Bouvy, D., Thomas, A., Combret, Y., Frank, M., Schmidt, G. (UCB SA). Process for the preparation of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives. EP 1806339. |
| 【2】 Ates, C., Lurquin, F., Quesnel, Y., Schule, A. (UCB SA). 4-Substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones and their use. EP 1926710, JP 2009507870, US 2009318708, WO 2007031263. |
| 中间体序号 | 中间体编号 | 品名 | CAS号 | 分子式 | 供应商 | 用于合成 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (IX) | 69032 | (2S)-2-(2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid | C11H19NO3 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (X) | 69034 | 4(R)-propyl-2-pyrrolidinone | C7H13NO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXVII) | 69045 | 2-hexenoic acid ethyl ester;trans-2-hexenoic acid ethyl ester;ethyl (E)-hex-2-enoate | 27829-72-7 | C8H14O2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXVIII) | 69046 | ethyl 3-(nitromethyl)hexanoate | C9H17NO4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXIX) | 69047 | 4-propylpyrrolidin-2-one | C7H13NO | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXX) | 69048 | (R)-2-bromobutyric acid;(R)-2-Bromobutyricacid;D-2-Bromobutanoic acid | 2681-94-9 | C4H7BrO2 | 详情 | 详情 |
| (XXXI) | 69049 | ethyl 4-amino-3-propylbutyrate hydrochloride;ethyl 3-(aminomethyl)hexanoate hydrochloride | C9H19NO2.HCl | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXII) | 69050 | methyl (R)-2-bromobutyrate | C5H9BrO2 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXIII) | 69051 | methyl 3-((((R)-1-methoxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)methyl)hexanoate | C13H25NO4 | 详情 | 详情 | |
| (XXXIV) | 69052 | (2R)-methyl 2-(2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoate | C12H21NO3 | 详情 | 详情 |
合成路线5
Reductive amination of 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-2-furanone (I) with (S)-2-aminobutyramide (II) in the presence of NaBH4 yields the dihydropyrrolone (III). Transfer hydrogenation of (III) with ammonium formate and Pd/C provides a diastereoisomeric mixture of pyrrolidinones, from which the title compound is isolated by preparative HPLC on chiral phase.
| 【1】 Michel, P.; Differding, E.; Pasau, P.; Kenda, B.; Lallemand, B.; Matagne, A.; Talaga, P. (UCB SA); 2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivs., processes for preparing them and their uses. WO 0162726; WO 0164637 . |