合成路线1

Levobupivacaine has been obtained by two different ways: 1) The deamination of N-benzoyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (I) with NaNO2/acetic acid gives 6-acetoxy-2(S)-(benzyl-oxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid (II), which is amidated with 2,6-dimethylaniline (III) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to the expected amide (IV). The deacetylation of (IV) with K2CO3 in methanol affords compound (V), which is tosylated as usual with tosyl chloride giving intermediate (VI), which is stereospecifically cyclized by means of K2CO3 in ethanol yielding N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)piperidine-2 (S)-carboxamide (VII). Finally, this compound is alkylated with butyl bromide and K2CO3 or by reductoalkylation with butyraldehyde. 2) The amidation of piperidine-2-carboxylic acid (VIII) with 2,6-dimethylaniline (III) by means of SOCl2 in toluene gives the corresponding amide (IX), which is alkylated with butyl bromide as before yielding racemic bupivacaine (X) (3). This compound is then submitted to optical resolution by treatment with (S,S)-(­)-tartaric acid followed by crystallization of the resulting tartrate and acidification with HCl in isopropanol.