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【结 构 式】

【分子编号】12806

【品名】2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide

【CA登记号】40635-67-4

【 分 子 式 】C6H9BrO3

【 分 子 量 】209.03966

【元素组成】C 34.47% H 4.34% Br 38.22% O 22.96%

与该中间体有关的原料药合成路线共 7 条

合成路线1

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(XIV)

The reaction of adenosine (XIII) with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (XIV) in acetonitrile gives 3'-deoxy-3'-bromo-2'-O-acetyl-5'-(2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-on-2-yl)adenosine (XV), which is submitted to hydrogenolysis with H2 over Pd/C in methanol containing triethylamine.

1 Russell, A.F.; et al.; Reaction of 2-acyloxyisobutyryl halides with nucleosides. II. Reactions of adenosine. J Am Chem Soc 1973, 95, 12, 4025-30.
2 Castaner, J.; Hopkins, S.J.; Serradell, M.N.; Blancafort, P.; 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine. Drugs Fut 1982, 7, 4, 244.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(XIII) 11988 Adenosine; (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-3,4-furandiol 58-61-7 C10H13N5O4 详情 详情
(XIV) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(XV) 36390 (2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-bromo-2-[[(2,4,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)oxy]methyl]tetrahydro-3-furanyl acetate C18H22BrN5O7 详情 详情

合成路线2

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(II)

A new synthesis of ddI has been described: The reaction of inosine (I) with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (II) gives a mixture of two bromodiacyloxy derivatives (IIIa) and (IIIb) that, without separation, are hydrolyzed either with ammonia in methanol or with the pair Zn-Cu in the same solvent, yielding a mixture of the 2- and 3-bromo derivatives (IVa) and (IVb). The acylation of this mixture with chlorothionoformic acid O-phenyl ester and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in acetonitrile gives a new mixture of the thiono esters (Va) and (Vb), which is treated with tributyltin hydride and azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in refluxing benzene to yield 5'-O-(2-acetoxyisobutyryl)-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyinosine (VI). The hydrolysis of (VI) with ammonia in methanol affords 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyinosine (VII), which is finally hydrogenated with H2 over Pd/C.

1 Dorland, E.; Serafinowski, P.; A convenient method for the synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides. Antivir Res 1992, 17, (Suppl. 1), Abst 26.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(IIIa) 12807 [(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-(acetoxy)-3-bromo-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C18H21BrN4O8 详情 详情
(IIIb) 12808 [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3-(acetoxy)-4-bromo-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C18H21BrN4O8 详情 详情
(IVa) 12809 [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C16H19BrN4O7 详情 详情
(IVb) 12810 [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-4-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C16H19BrN4O7 详情 详情
(Va) 12811 [(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3-bromo-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-[(phenoxycarbothioyl)oxy]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C23H23BrN4O8S 详情 详情
(Vb) 12812 [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-4-bromo-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)-3-[(phenoxycarbothioyl)oxy]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C23H23BrN4O8S 详情 详情
(I) 12795 (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydro-3,4-furandiol; Inosine 58-63-9 C10H12N4O5 详情 详情
(II) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(VI) 12813 [(2S,5R)-5-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl 2-(acetoxy)-2-methylpropanoate C16H18N4O6 详情 详情
(VII) 12799 9-[(2R,5S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]-9H-purin-6-ol C10H10N4O3 详情 详情

合成路线3

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(IV)

The oxidation of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalaninol (I) with oxalyl chloride in DMSO gives the corresponding aldehyde (II), which by dimerization with Zn dust in dichloromethane yields (2S,3R,4R,5S)-2,5-bis(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1,6-diphenylhexane-3,4-diol (III) [along with the (2S,3S,4S,5S)-isomer]. The reaction of (III) with alpha-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (IV) in hexane/dichloromethane affords (2S,3R,4R,5S)-2,5-bis(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4-bromo-1,6-diphenylhexan-3-ol acetate ester (V), which is converted into the corresponding epoxide (VI) with NaOH in dioxane/water. The reduction of the epoxide (VI) with NaBH4 in THF affords (2S,3S,5S)-2,5-bis(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1,6-diphenylhexan-3-ol (VII), which is deprotected with Ba(OH)2 in refluxing dioxane/water yielding the corresponding diamine (VIII). The cyclization of (VIII) with phenylboronic acid (IX) in refluxing toluene gives (4S,6S)-6-[1(S)-amino-2-phenylethyl]-4-benzyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-oxaazaborinane (X), which is condensed with (5-thiazolylmethyl)(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate (XI) in THF to afford (2S,3S,5S)-5-amino-1,6-diphenyl-2-(5-thiazolylmethoxycarbonylamino) hexan-3-ol (XII). Finally, this compound is condensed with N-[N-(2-isopropylthiazol-4-ylmethyl)-N-methylaminocarbonyl]-L-valine (XIII) by means of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (DEC) in THF.

1 Graul, A.; Castañer, J.; Ritonavir. Drugs Fut 1996, 21, 7, 700.
2 Al-Razzak, L.; Marsh, K.C.; Manning, L.P.; Kaul, D. (Abbott Laboratories Inc.); Pharmaceutical compsns. containing HIV protease inhibitors. EP 0732923; US 5484801; WO 9520384 .
3 Kempf, D.J.; Norbeck, D.W.; Sham, H.L.; Zhao, C.; Sowin, T.J.; Reno, D.S.; Haight, A.R.; Cooper, A.J. (Abbott Laboratories Inc.); Retroviral protease inhibiting cpds. EP 0674513; EP 0727419; JP 1996505844; JP 1997118679; JP 1998087639; WO 9414436 .
4 Flentge, C.; Kempf, D.; Marsh, K.; et al.; Symmetry-based inhibitors of HIV protease with high oral bioavailability. 207th ACS Natl Meet (March 13-17, San Diego) 1994, Abst MEDI 35.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 16585 benzyl N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate C17H19NO3 详情 详情
(II) 16586 benzyl N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-2-oxoethyl]carbamate C17H17NO3 详情 详情
(III) 16587 benzyl (1S,2R,3R,4S)-1-benzyl-4-[[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydroxy-5-phenylpentylcarbamate C34H36N2O6 详情 详情
(IV) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(V) 16589 (1R,2R,3S)-3-[[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-1-((1S)-1-[[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-phenylethyl)-2-bromo-4-phenylbutyl acetate C36H37BrN2O6 详情 详情
(VI) 16590 benzyl (1S)-1-[(2R,3R)-3-((1S)-1-[[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-phenylethyl)oxiranyl]-2-phenylethylcarbamate C34H34N2O5 详情 详情
(VII) 16591 benzyl (1S,2S,4S)-1-benzyl-4-[[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-hydroxy-5-phenylpentylcarbamate C34H36N2O5 详情 详情
(VIII) 16592 (2S,3S,5S)-2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3-hexanol C18H24N2O 详情 详情
(IX) 16593 Phenylboronic acid;Benzeneboronic acid;Phenylboron dihydroxide 98-80-6 C6H7BO2 详情 详情
(X) 16594 (1S)-1-[(4S,6S)-4-benzyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborinan-6-yl]-2-phenylethylamine; (1S)-1-[(4S,6S)-4-benzyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborinan-6-yl]-2-phenyl-1-ethanamine C24H27BN2O 详情 详情
(XI) 16595 4-nitrophenyl 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl carbonate 144163-97-3 C11H8N2O5S 详情 详情
(XII) 16596 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(1S,2S,4S)-4-amino-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]carbamate C23H27N3O3S 详情 详情
(XIII) 16597 (2S)-2-([[[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl](methyl)amino]carbonyl]amino)-3-methylbutyric acid C14H23N3O3S 详情 详情

合成路线4

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(II)

The bromoacetylation of 5-fluorocytidine (I) with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (II) in acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or dichloromethane gives a mixture of two bromoacylated compounds (III) and (IV), with minor amounts of two other compounds (V) and (VI) that are separated by chromatography. The mixture of (III) and (IV), without separation, is treated with Zn/Cu in DMF or methanol/ethyl acetate to yield the unsaturated cytidine derivative (VII), which is finally deacylated by means of Na-OMe in methanol to afford the target fluorocytidine derivative.

1 Confalone, P.N.; Jin, F. (Pharmasset, Inc.); Method for the synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydronucleosides. WO 0270533 .
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 58283 4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-fluoro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone C9H12FN3O5 详情 详情
(II) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(III) 58284 {(2R,3R,5R)-3-(acetyloxy)-5-[4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-4-bromotetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl 2-(acetyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate C17H21BrFN3O8 详情 详情
(IV) 58285 {(2R,4S,5R)-4-(acetyloxy)-5-[4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-3-bromotetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl 2-(acetyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate C17H21BrFN3O8 详情 详情
(V) 58286 {(2R,3R,5R)-3-(acetyloxy)-5-[4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-4-bromotetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl acetate C13H15BrFN3O6 详情 详情
(VI) 58287 {(2R,5R)-4-(acetyloxy)-5-[4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-3-bromotetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl acetate C13H15BrFN3O6 详情 详情
(VII) 58288 {(2S,5R)-5-[4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl}methyl 2-(acetyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate C15H18FN3O6 详情 详情

合成路线5

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(II)

The bromoacetylation of 5-fluorouridine (I) with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (II) in acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or dichloromethane gives a mixture of four bromoacylated compounds (III), (IV), (V) and (VI). This mixture, without separation, is treated with Zn/Ac-OH in DMF or methanol/ethyl acetate to yield two unsaturated uridine derivatives (VII) and (VIII), which are easily separated. The major isomer (VIII) is condensed with 1,2,4-triazole (IX) by means of POCl3 and TEA in acetonitrile to afford the triazolyl derivative (X), which is treated with ammonia in methanol to provide the cytidine derivative (XI). Finally, this compound is deacylated by means of NaOMe in methanol to afford the target fluorocytidine derivative.

1 Confalone, P.N.; Jin, F. (Pharmasset, Inc.); Method for the synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydronucleosides. WO 0270533 .
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 32205 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-5-fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Fluorouridine 316-46-1 C9H11FN2O6 详情 详情
(II) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(III) 58289 {(2R,3R,5R)-3-(acetyloxy)-4-bromo-5-[5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl 2-(acetyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate C17H20BrFN2O9 详情 详情
(IV) 58290 {(2R,4S,5R)-4-(acetyloxy)-3-bromo-5-[5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl 2-(acetyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate C17H20BrFN2O9 详情 详情
(V) 58291 {(2R,3R,5R)-3-(acetyloxy)-4-bromo-5-[5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl acetate C13H14BrFN2O7 详情 详情
(VI) 58292 {(2R,5R)-4-(acetyloxy)-3-bromo-5-[5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl}methyl acetate C13H14BrFN2O7 详情 详情
(VII) 58293 {(2S,5R)-5-[5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl}methyl acetate C11H11FN2O5 详情 详情
(VIII) 58294 {(2S,5R)-5-[5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl}methyl 2-(acetyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate C15H17FN2O7 详情 详情
(IX) 13135 1H-1,2,4-Triazole; 1,2,4-Triazole 288-88-0 C2H3N3 详情 详情
(X) 58295 2-({(2S,5R)-5-[5-fluoro-2-oxo-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl}methoxy)-1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl acetate C18H20FN5O5 详情 详情
(XI) 58296 2-({(2S,5R)-5-[4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl}methoxy)-1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl acetate C16H20FN3O5 详情 详情

合成路线6

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(V)

Reaction of dichloropurine (I) with O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride and N-ethyldiisopropylamine in dioxan at 50 C yielded the N-methoxy derivative (II). Subsequent treatment with a catalytic amount of NaOMe in methanol at room temperature provided a mixture of 2-chloro-N-methoxyadenosine (III) and monoacetate (IV), which were separated by flash chromatography. Treatment of monoacetate (IV) with alpha-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (V) in acetonitrile at low temperature yielded bromide (VI), which on further treatment with 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) gave the didehydrocompound (VII). Finally, reaction with NaOMe in methanol at 50 C provided the title compound.

1 Knutsen, L.; Olsen, U.B.; Roberts, S.M.; Varley, D.R.; Bowler, A.N. (Novo Nordisk A/S); Novel N-alkoxyadenine derivs. acting as cytokine inhibitors. WO 9801459 .
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 18701 (2R,3R,4R)-4-(acetoxy)-2-[(acetoxy)methyl]-5-(2,6-dichloro-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydro-3-furanyl acetate C16H16Cl2N4O7 详情 详情
(II) 18702 (2R,3R,4R)-4-(acetoxy)-2-[(acetoxy)methyl]-5-[2-chloro-6-(methoxyamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]tetrahydro-3-furanyl acetate C17H20ClN5O8 详情 详情
(III) 18703 (3R,4S,5R)-2-[2-chloro-6-(methoxyamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-3,4-furandiol C11H14ClN5O5 详情 详情
(IV) 18704 [(2R,3S,4R)-5-[2-chloro-6-(methoxyamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl acetate C13H16ClN5O6 详情 详情
(V) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(VI) 18706 [(2R,3S,4S)-4-(acetoxy)-3-bromo-5-[2-chloro-6-(methoxyamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl acetate C15H17BrClN5O6 详情 详情
(VII) 18707 [(4R)-4-(acetoxy)-5-[2-chloro-6-(methoxyamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-4,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methyl acetate C15H16ClN5O6 详情 详情

合成路线7

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号:(II)

Treatment of 2-amino-6-chloro-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine (I) with acetoxyisobutyryl bromide (II) led to a mixture of acetoxy bromo derivatives (III) and (IV) which, upon reductive treatment with activated zinc, furnished the 2',3'-dehydro compound (V). Deprotection of (V) with K2CO3 in aqueous methanol provided the free nucleoside (VI). Finally, nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine of (VI) with cyclopropylamine (VII) afforded the target compound.

1 Chu, C.K.; Ray, A.S.; Anderson, K.S.; Yang, Z.; Novel use of a guanosine prodrug approach to convert 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine into a viable antiviral agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46, 3, 887.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 55888 (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-3,4-furandiol C10H12ClN5O4 详情 详情
(II) 12806 2-bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl acetate; alpha-Acetoxy-isobutyryl bromide 40635-67-4 C6H9BrO3 详情 详情
(III) 55889 (2R,5R)-2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-bromo-5-{[(2,4,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}tetrahydro-3-furanyl acetate C18H21BrClN5O7 详情 详情
(IV) 55890 (2R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-bromo-2-{[(2,4,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}tetrahydro-3-furanyl acetate C18H21BrClN5O7 详情 详情
(V) 55891 2-{[(2S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methoxy}-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one C16H18ClN5O5 详情 详情
(VI) 55892 [(2S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl]methanol C10H10ClN5O2 详情 详情
(VII) 12263 Cyclopropylamine; Cyclopropanamine 765-30-0 C3H7N 详情 详情
Extended Information