(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane -Drug Synthesis Database

【结构式】

【分子编号】16385

【品名】(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

【CA登记号】140111-52-0

【分子式】C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂

【分子量】208.6904

【元素组成】C 63.31% H 6.28% Cl 16.99% N 13.42%

与该中间体有关的原料药合成路线共 12 条

合成路线1 合成路线2 合成路线3 合成路线4 合成路线5 合成路线6 合成路线7 合成路线8 合成路线9 合成路线10 合成路线11 合成路线12

合成路线1

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：rac-(I)

The key to the total synthesis of epibatidine is to construct the 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane system. A number of papers about the syntheses of racemic epibatidine and both of its enantiomers have been published. The different methodologies for the construction of this novel ring system can be classified into four categories. 1) Intramolecular nucleophilic ring closure of 1-amino-4-substituted-cyclohexane derivatives. Broka reported the first total synthesis of (±)-epibatidine in 1993. The preparation of ketoaldehyde (III) was achieved as a single isomer by reaction of enal (II) with 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene. (III) was converted into aminomesylate (IV) in 15 steps, which was heated in CHCl3 to give the mesylate salt of (I) in excellent yield. Starting from 6-chloronicotinaldehyde, epibatidine was obtained via a reaction sequence of 17 steps in an overall yield of 6%. Broka's work confirmed the correctness of the structure proposed by Daly et al.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Kellar, K.J.; Epibatidine. Its pharmacological actions and utility for studying neuronal nicotinic receptors. Neurotransmissions 1995, 11, 1-5.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【3】 Broka, C.A.; Total synthesis of epibatidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1993, 34, 20, 3251-4.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
rac-(III)	16369	(1S,2S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-oxocyclohexanecarbaldehyde		C₁₂H₁₂ClNO₂	详情	详情
rac-(IV)	16370	(1S,3R,4S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexylamine; (1S,3R,4S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexanamine		C₁₄H₂₁ClN₂OS	详情	详情
rac-(I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(II)	16368	(E)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-2-propenal		C₈H₆ClNO	详情	详情

合成路线2

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

2) Fletcher and his group also utilized an intramolecular displacement to construct the azabicycloheptane ring system.4-Benzylamino-1,2-epoxycyclohexane (V) was cyclized in N-methyl-pyrrolidone upon heating to yield the exo-alcohol (VI), which was further converted into ketone (VIII). Introduction of the pyridyl group, dehydration and catalytic hydrogenation resulted primarily in the endo-isomer (Xa), which could be epimerized using t-BuOK to afford the more stable exo-isomer (Xb). Fletcher et al. also succeeded in separating the enantiomers of (VII) as their Mosher ester and in establishing the absolute configuration of (I) as (1R,2R,4S).

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Fletcher, S.R.; Baker, R.; Chambers, M.S.; Hobbs, S.C.; Mitchell, P.J.; The synthesis of (+)- and (-)-epibatidine. J Chem Soc Ser Chem Commun 1993, 1216-8.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【3】 Fletcher, S.R.; Baker, R.; Chambers, M.S.; Herbert, R.H.; Hobbs, S.C.; Thomas, S.R.; Verrier, H.M.; Watt, A.P.; Ball, R.G.; Total synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of epibatidine. J Org Chem 1994, 59, 7, 1771-8.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
rac-(VI)	16372	(1R,2S,4S)-7-benzyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol		C₁₃H₁₇NO	详情	详情
(Xa)	16376	(1R,2S,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane		C₁₆H₂₁ClN₂O₂	详情	详情
(Xb)	16377	(1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane		C₁₆H₂₁ClN₂O₂	详情	详情
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(V)	16371	N-benzyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-amine; N-benzyl-N-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)amine		C₁₃H₁₇NO	详情	详情
(VII)	16373	(1R,2S,4S)-7-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol		C₁₁H₁₉NO₃	详情	详情
(VIII)	16374	(1R,4S)-7-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one		C₁₁H₁₇NO₃	详情	详情
(IX)	16375	(1R,2S,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol		C₁₆H₂₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情

合成路线3

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

3) Corey's group published a stereocontrolled route to both enantiomers of epibatidine through HPLC separation of N-(trifluoroacetyl)epibatidine using chiral columns. A Diels-Alder reaction between (Z)-alpha,beta-unsaturated ester (XI) and 1,3-butadiene furnished the cis-4,5-disubstituted cyclohexene (XII), which was converted to the vicinal dibromide (XIII). Upon treatment with t-BuOK, (XIII) underwent intramolecular nucleophilic substitution to give compound (XIV) with the azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Corey, E.J.; Loh, T.E.; Achyutha-Rao, S.; Daley, D.C.; Sarshar, S.; Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-epibatidine. J Org Chem 1993, 58, 5600-2.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
rac-(XII)	16379	methyl (1R,6S)-6-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate		C₁₃H₁₄ClNO₂	详情	详情
rac-(XIII)	16380	N-[(1R,2R,4S,5S)-4,5-dibromo-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)cyclohexyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide		C₁₃H₁₂Br₂ClF₃N₂O	详情	详情
rac-(XIV)	16381	1-[(1R,2S,4R,5R)-2-bromo-5-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-7-yl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanone		C₁₂H₁₄BrClN₂	详情	详情
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(XI)	16378	methyl (Z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-2-propenoate		C₉H₈ClNO₂	详情	详情

合成路线4

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

4) Szantay et al. reported a practical route to epibatidine by using commonly available starting materials under convenient reaction conditions. The alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone (XV) was synthesized by Wittig reaction of 6-chloronicotinaldehyde and the appropriate phosphorane. Ring closure took place by treatment of compound (XV) with KF/Al2O3. Reduction of the keto group followed by mesylation and subsequent reduction of the nitro group afforded amine (XVII). Upon boiling in toluene, (XVII) was immediately transformed into the undesired endo-isomer of epibatidine (XVIII). Taking advantage of Fletcher's endo- to exo-epimerization, (XVIII) was converted into racemic epibatidine in moderate yield. The advantage of this route is that no protection and consequently no deprotection steps are involved. But the combined yield in the last two steps is only 30%.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Fletcher, S.R.; Baker, R.; Chambers, M.S.; Hobbs, S.C.; Mitchell, P.J.; The synthesis of (+)- and (-)-epibatidine. J Chem Soc Ser Chem Commun 1993, 1216-8.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【3】 Szántay, C.; Kardos-Balogh, Z.; Moldvai, I.; Szántay, C. Jr.; Major-Temesváry, E.; Blaskó, G.; A practical route to epibatidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 19, 3171-4.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
rac-(XVI)	16383	(3S,4R)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-nitrocyclohexanone		C₁₁H₁₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情
rac-(XVII)	16384	(1R,2S,4R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexanamine; (1R,2S,4R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexylamine		C₁₄H₂₁ClN₂OS	详情	详情
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XVIII)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(XV)	16382	(E)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-6-nitro-1-hexen-3-one		C₁₁H₁₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情

合成路线5

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：rac-(XVIII)

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Fletcher, S.R.; Baker, R.; Chambers, M.S.; Hobbs, S.C.; Mitchell, P.J.; The synthesis of (+)- and (-)-epibatidine. J Chem Soc Ser Chem Commun 1993, 1216-8.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【3】 Szántay, C.; Kardos-Balogh, Z.; Moldvai, I.; Szántay, C. Jr.; Major-Temesváry, E.; Blaskó, G.; A practical route to epibatidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 19, 3171-4.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
rac-(XVI)	16383	(3S,4R)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-nitrocyclohexanone		C₁₁H₁₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情
rac-(XVII)	16384	(1R,2S,4R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexanamine; (1R,2S,4R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexylamine		C₁₄H₂₁ClN₂OS	详情	详情
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XVIII)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(XV)	16382	(E)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-6-nitro-1-hexen-3-one		C₁₁H₁₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情

合成路线6

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

5) Later on, Szantay's group modified the above described procedure based on a polarity reversal approach (8). Compound (XVI) was thus converted to the ring closure precursor (XIX) in 7 steps. Base-catalyzed ring closure of (XIX) afforded racemic epibatidine.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Szántay, C.; Kardos-Balogh, Z.; Moldvai, I.; Szántay, C. Jr.; Major-Temesvary, E.; Blasko,G.; A practical enantioselective synthesis of epibatidine. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11053-62.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(rac-XVI)	16383	(3S,4R)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-nitrocyclohexanone		C₁₁H₁₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XIX)	16386	N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)cyclohexyl]-4-methyl-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]benzenesulfonamide		C₂₅H₂₈ClN₃O₄S₂	详情	详情

合成路线7

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(I)

6) Nakai et al. used 3-lithio pyridine as a nucleophile to attack ketone (XX), yielding the tertiary alcohol (XXI) stereoselectively. Reductive elimination of the hydroxyl group followed by oxidation and acid hydrolysis gave N-oxide (XXII), which was treated with POCl3 to produce (I) and (XXIII) in low yields.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【2】 Senokuchi, K.; Nakai, H.; Kawamura, M.; et al.; Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-epibatidine and the congeners. Synlett 1994, 343-4.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(XX)	16387	(1R,4S)-7-acetyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one		C₈H₁₁NO₂	详情	详情
(XXI)	16388	1-[(1R,2S,4S)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-7-yl]-1-ethanone		C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂	详情	详情
(XXII)	16389	3-[(1R,2R,4S)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-1-pyridiniumolate		C₁₁H₁₄N₂O	详情	详情
(XXIII)	16390	(1R,2R,4S)-2-(2-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane		C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情

合成路线8

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

7) Sestanj and his coworkers succeeded in synthesizing epibatidine by a conjugate addition intramolecular displacement strategy.Conjugate addition of higher order cyanocuprate (XXIV) to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone (XXV) obtained the ketone (XXVI), which was converted to (XXVII) in 60% overall yield. Under Mitsunobu conditions with DEAD and PPh3 as reagents, only the beta-amino-tosylate cyclized to give the epibatidine ring system.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Sestanj, K.; Melenski, E.; Jirkovsky, I.; Synthesis of epibatidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 5417-20.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(rac-XVIII)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XXVI)	16393	(3S,4S)-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]cyclohexanone		C₁₆H₂₅NO₂Si	详情	详情
rac-(XXVII)	16394	N-[(3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)cyclohexyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide		C₁₉H₂₄N₂O₄S	详情	详情
rac-(XXVIII)	16395	(1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-7-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; methyl 5-[(1R,2R,4S)-7-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-2-pyridinyl ether		C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₃S	详情	详情
(XXIV)	16391	(6-Methoxypyridin-3-yl)(2-thienyl)copper dilithium cyanide complex		C₁₀H₉CuNOS	详情	详情
(XXV)	16392	4-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2-cyclohexen-1-one		C₁₀H₁₈OSi	详情	详情

合成路线9

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-XVIII)

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Sestanj, K.; Melenski, E.; Jirkovsky, I.; Synthesis of epibatidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 5417-20.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
(rac-XVIII)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XXVI)	16393	(3S,4S)-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]cyclohexanone		C₁₆H₂₅NO₂Si	详情	详情
rac-(XXVII)	16394	N-[(3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)cyclohexyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide		C₁₉H₂₄N₂O₄S	详情	详情
rac-(XXVIII)	16395	(1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-7-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; methyl 5-[(1R,2R,4S)-7-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-2-pyridinyl ether		C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₃S	详情	详情
(XXIV)	16391	(6-Methoxypyridin-3-yl)(2-thienyl)copper dilithium cyanide complex		C₁₀H₉CuNOS	详情	详情
(XXV)	16392	4-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2-cyclohexen-1-one		C₁₀H₁₈OSi	详情	详情

合成路线10

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

8) Ko and his coworkers employed the [4+2] addition reaction of 1-(2-chloro-5-pyridyl)cyclohexa-2,4-diene (XXIX) with singlet oxygen to form the bicyclic peroxide (XXX) as the key step. (XXX) was converted to azidomesylate (XXXI) in 42% overall yield. Based on Broka's epibatidine synthesis, (±)-(I) was obtained through reduction and intramolecular displacement.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【2】 Ko, S.Y.; Lerpiniere, J.; Linney, I.D.; Wrigglesworth, R.; The total synthesis of epibatidine. J Chem Soc Ser Chem Commun 1994, 1775-6.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XXX)	16397	2-chloro-5-[(1S,4R,5S)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-yl]pyridine		C₁₁H₁₂ClNO₂	详情	详情
rac-(XXXI)	16398	5-((2S,5S)-5-azido-2-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexyl)-2-chloropyridine; (1S,4S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[methyl(dimethylene)-lambda(6)-sulfanyl]oxy]cyclohexyl azide		C₁₄H₁₉ClN₄OS	详情	详情
(XXIX)	16396	2-chloro-5-(2,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl)pyridine		C₁₁H₁₀ClN	详情	详情

合成路线11

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

9) The first asymmetric synthesis of (-)-epibatidine was disclosed by Trost and Cook through a Pd-catalyzed desymmetrization of cis-dibenzoyloxy-2-cyclohexene (XXXII) and a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Dibenzoate (XXXII) was reacted with trimethylsilylazide in the presence of a Pd catalyst with chiral phosphine ligands to give ent-(XXXIII) in excellent yield and e.e. (XXXIII) was converted to vinyl bromide (XXXIV), which was coupled with the stable organostannane (XXXV) through a Pd(0)-catalyzed reaction to give enone (XXXVI). Reduction of the double bond and carbonyl, O-mesylation of the resulting amido alcohol and finally heating of the crude amino mesylate in acetonitrile produced (-)-epibatidine.

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Trost, B.M.; Cook, G.R.; An asymmetric synthesis of (-)-epibatidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1996, 37, 7485-8.
【2】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(XXXII)	16399	(1S,4R)-4-(benzoyloxy)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl benzoate		C₂₀H₁₈O₄	详情	详情
(XXXIII)	16400	(1S,4R)-4-azido-2-cyclohexen-1-yl benzoate		C₁₃H₁₃N₃O₂	详情	详情
(XXXIV)	16401	(4R)-2-bromo-4-[[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]amino]-2-cyclohexen-1-one		C₁₁H₁₆BrNO₃	详情	详情
(XXXV)	16402	2-chloro-5-(tributylstannyl)pyridine		C₁₇H₃₀ClNSn	详情	详情
(XXXVI)	16403	(4R)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-[[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]amino]-2-cyclohexen-1-one		C₁₆H₁₉ClN₂O₃	详情	详情

合成路线12

该中间体在本合成路线中的序号：(rac-I)

16) A similar approach was described by Zhang and Trudell in a recent report: The known 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (VIII) was conveniently synthesized by the [4+2] cycloaddition of methyl 3-bromopropynoate (LXVII) and N-BOC-pyrrole (LXVI). They modified Fletcher's synthesis rendering it more stereoselective and suitable for the preparation of (I) on a large scale. The tertiary alcohol (IX) was successfully deoxygenated by a radical reaction via its methyl oxalyl ester with Bu3SnH in the presence of AIBN. This afforded the deoxygenated product stereoselectively as the endo-isomer (Xa).

参考文献中间体

合成目标

【1】 Bai, D.; Xu, R.; Zhu, X.; Epibatidine. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 11, 1210.
【2】 Zhang, C.; Trudell, M.L..; A short and efficient total synthesis of (±)-epibatidine. J Org Chem 1996, 61, 20, 7189-91.

中间体序号	中间体编号	品名	CAS号	分子式	供应商	用于合成
(rac-I)	16385	(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride; (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	140111-52-0	C₁₁H₁₃ClN₂	详情	详情
rac-(LXVIII)	16434	7-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl (1S,4R)-3-bromo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2,7-dicarboxylate		C₁₃H₁₆BrNO₄	详情	详情
rac-(VIII)	16435	tert-butyl (1R,4S)-2-oxo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylate		C₁₁H₁₇NO₃	详情	详情
rac-(IX)	16436	tert-butyl (1R,2S,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-2-hydroxy-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylate		C₁₆H₂₁ClN₂O₃	详情	详情
rac-(Xa)	16437	tert-butyl (1R,2S,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylate		C₁₆H₂₁ClN₂O₂	详情	详情
rac-(Xb)	16438	tert-butyl (1R,2R,4S)-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylate		C₁₆H₂₁ClN₂O₂	详情	详情
(LXVI)	16432	tert-Butyl pyrrole-1-carboxylate; tert-Butyl-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate; tert-Butyl-1-pyrrolecarboxylate	5176-27-2	C₉H₁₃NO₂	详情	详情
(LXVII)	16433	methyl 3-bromo-2-propynoate		C₄H₃BrO₂	详情	详情

Extended Information