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【结 构 式】

【药物名称】Febrifugine

【化学名称】3-[3-[3(S)-Hydroxypiperidin-2(R)-yl]-2-oxopropyl]-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one

【CA登记号】24159-07-7

【 分 子 式 】C16H19N3O3

【 分 子 量 】301.34813

【开发单位】Okayama University (Originator), University of Tokyo (Originator)

【药理作用】ANTIINFECTIVE THERAPY, Antimalarials, Treatment of Protozoal Diseases, Alkaloids

合成路线1

Condensation of protected ketone (I) with 2-benzyloxy-1-trimethylsilyloxyphenoxyethane (II) by means of Sn(OTf)2 and chiral amine (III) in propionitrile affords aldolic reaction product (IV), which is then dehydroxylated by treatment with thiocarbonyl diimidazole (A) in THF followed by reduction with Bu3SnH in refluxing toluene to provide the protected hydroxyester (V). Reduction of the ester group of (V) with DIBAL in CH2Cl2 followed by Swern oxidation with (COCl)2, DMSO and Et3N in dichloromethane yields aldehyde (VI), which is then condensed with 2-methoxypropene (VII) and 2-methoxyaniline (VIII) in the presence of yterbium triflate (Yb(OTf)3) in THF/H2O to furnish a mixture of diastereoisomers from which anti-(IX) is separated. Derivative anti-(IX) is treated with HF in THF for TBS removal and cyclization is induced by reaction with PPh3 and CBr4 in CH2Cl2, affording piperidine (X). Next, treatment of (X) with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in acetonitrile/H2O allows N-protecting group removal, giving piperidine derivative (XI). Alternatively, (XI) can be obtained as follows: Treatment of aldehyde (VI) with 2-methoxyaniline (VIII) and PMB-protected 2-methoxypropene (XII) in the presence of scandium trisdodecylsulfate (STDS) in THF/H2O yields a mixture of diastereoisomers from which anti-(XIII) is separated. Derivative anti-(XIII) is then converted into (XI) by following the same procedure as for the conversion of anti-(IX) into (XI). Derivative (XI) is then subjected to: (i) N-protection by means of Boc2O; (ii) treatment with lithium hexamethyl disilazide (LHMDS) followed by trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl); (iii) oxidation of the silylenol ether by means of MCPBA; and (iv) bromination with PPh3 and CBr4. After all these steps bromo derivative (XIV) is obtained. Finally, coupling of (XIV) with 4-hydroxyquinazoline (XV) using KOH followed by Boc removal by treatment with refluxing HCl furnishes the target compound.

1 Wataya, Y.; Ueno, M.; Suzuki, R.; Kim, H.-S.; Kobayashi, S.; Ishitani, H.; Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of antimalarial alkaloids febrifubine and isofebrifugine and their biological actvity. J Org Chem 1999, 64, 18, 6833.
2 Kobayashi, S.; Kim, H.-S.; Wataya, Y. (Japan Science and Technology Corp.); Febrifugine and isofebrifugine and processes for the preparation of both. EP 1076057; WO 0052005 .
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(A) 11990 Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanethione; 1,1'-Thiocarbonyldiimidazole 6160-65-2 C7H6N4S 详情 详情
(I) 44768 4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-butanone C10H22O2Si 详情 详情
(II) 44769 benzyl (Z)-2-phenoxy-2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethenyl ether; [[(Z)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-phenoxyethenyl]oxy](trimethyl)silane C18H22O3Si 详情 详情
(III) 44770 N-[[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidinyl]methyl]-N-(1-naphthyl)amine; N-[[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidinyl]methyl]-1-naphthalenamine 82160-07-4 C16H20N2 详情 详情
(IV) 44771 phenyl (2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxy)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-3-hydroxypentanoate C24H34O5Si 详情 详情
(V) 44773 phenyl (2S)-2-(benzyloxy)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]pentanoate C24H34O4Si 详情 详情
(VI) 44774 (2S)-2-(benzyloxy)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]pentanal C18H30O3Si 详情 详情
(VII) 17354 isopropenyl methyl ether; 2-methoxy-1-propene 116-11-0 C4H8O 详情 详情
(VIII) 25193 2-methoxyphenylamine; 2-methoxyaniline 517-28-2 C7H9NO 详情 详情
(IX) 44777   C27H42NO4Si 详情 详情
(X) 44778 1-[(2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperidinyl]acetone C22H27NO3 详情 详情
(XI) 44779 1-[(2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)piperidinyl]acetone C15H21NO2 详情 详情
(XII) 44780 1-methoxy-4-(3-methoxy-3-butenyl)benzene; 4-(3-methoxy-3-butenyl)phenyl methyl ether C12H16O2 详情 详情
(XIII) 44781   C35H50NO5Si 详情 详情
(XIV) 44782 tert-butyl (2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-(3-bromo-2-oxopropyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate C20H28BrNO4 详情 详情
(XV) 44783 4-quinazolinol C8H6N2O 详情 详情

合成路线2

Aldehyde (II) was prepared by mono-benzylation of 1,4-butanediol (I) followed by Swern oxidation. Subsequent addition of ethynylmagnesium bromide (III) to the aldehyde function of (II) provided propargyl alcohol (IV). Kinetic resolution of the racemic alcohol (IV) by lipase-mediated acetylation in the presence of vinyl acetate produced a mixture of the (S)-acetate (V) and the unreacted (R)-alcohol (VI). The required (S)-propargyl acetate (V) was subjected to partial hydrogenation using Lindlar catalyst to furnish allyl acetate (VII), which was further hydrolyzed to the chiral alcohol (VIII). After protection of (VIII) as the silylated derivative (IX), reductive removal of the benzyl ether using lithium naphthalenide afforded the primary alcohol (X). This was then treated with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine to give mesylate (XI). Ozonolysis of the double bond of (XI), followed by reductive work-up with dimethyl sulfide, yielded aldehyde (XII). This was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and Et3N in allyl alcohol (XIII) to produce the intermediate nitrone (XIV), which underwent simultaneous 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to allyl alcohol to furnish the isoxazolopyridine (XV) as a mixture of three diastereoisomers. This mixture was then subjected to hydrogenolytic N-O bond fission, producing piperidine (XVI).

1 Ooi, H.e; et al.; A concise enantioselective synthesis of antimalarial febrifugine alkaloids. Org Lett 2001, 3, 6, 953.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 43160 1,4-butanediol;1,4-Dihydroxybutane;1,4-Butylene glycol;Tetramethylene glycol 110-63-4 C4H10O2 详情 详情
(II) 46170 4-(benzyloxy)butanal C11H14O2 详情 详情
(III) 17778 ETHYNYLMAGNESIUM BROMIDE; bromo(ethynyl)magnesium 4301-14-8 C2HBrMg 详情 详情
(IV) 47833 6-(benzyloxy)-1-hexyn-3-ol C13H16O2 详情 详情
(V) 47834 (1S)-1-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-2-propynyl acetate C15H18O3 详情 详情
(VI) 47835 (3R)-6-(benzyloxy)-1-hexyn-3-ol C13H16O2 详情 详情
(VII) 47836 (1S)-1-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-2-propenyl acetate C15H20O3 详情 详情
(VIII) 47837 (3S)-6-(benzyloxy)-1-hexen-3-ol C13H18O2 详情 详情
(IX) 47838 ([(1S)-1-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-2-propenyl]oxy)(tert-butyl)diphenylsilane; benzyl (4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]-5-hexenyl ether C29H36O2Si 详情 详情
(X) 47839 (4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]-5-hexen-1-ol C22H30O2Si 详情 详情
(XI) 47840 (4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]-5-hexenyl methanesulfonate C23H32O4SSi 详情 详情
(XII) 47841 (4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]-5-oxopentyl methanesulfonate C22H30O5SSi 详情 详情
(XIII) 12234 2-Propen-1-ol; Allyl alcohol 107-18-6 C3H6O 详情 详情
(XIV) 47842 (5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-pyridiniumolate C21H27NO2Si 详情 详情
(XV) 47843 ((4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]hexahydro-2H-isoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridin-2-yl)methanol C24H33NO3Si 详情 详情
(XVI) 47844 3-((3S)-3-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]piperidinyl)-1,2-propanediol C24H35NO3Si 详情 详情

合成路线3

After protection of (XVI) as the N-Boc derivative (XVII), the diol function was cyclized to epoxide (XIX) by treatment with N-tosyl imidazole (XVIII) in the presence of NaH. Epoxide (XIX) opening with the potassium salt of 4-quinazolinone (XX) gave alcohol (XXI). Subsequent Dess-Martin oxidation of (XXI) yielded the epimeric mixture of ketones (XXII). Acid hydrolysis of this mixture furnished the title trans-piperidine along with the cis-isomer, which was isolated in the cyclic hemiacetal form (XXIII). The title compound was also obtained by isomerization of (XXIII) in refluxing MeOH).

1 Ooi, H.e; et al.; A concise enantioselective synthesis of antimalarial febrifugine alkaloids. Org Lett 2001, 3, 6, 953.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(XVI) 47844 3-((3S)-3-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy]piperidinyl)-1,2-propanediol C24H35NO3Si 详情 详情
(XVII) 47845 tert-butyl (3S)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate C19H39NO5Si 详情 详情
(XVIII) 47846 1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-imidazole 2232-08-8 C10H10N2O2S 详情 详情
(XIX) 47847 tert-butyl (3S)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate C19H37NO4Si 详情 详情
(XX) 14634 4(3H)-quinazolinone C8H6N2O 详情 详情
(XXI) 47848 tert-butyl (3S)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-[2-hydroxy-3-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]propyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate C27H43N3O5Si 详情 详情
(XXII) 47849 tert-butyl (3S)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-[2-oxo-3-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]propyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate C27H41N3O5Si 详情 详情
(XXIII) 38272 3-[[(3aS,7aS)-2-hydroxyoctahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone C16H19N3O3 详情 详情

合成路线4

The enantioselective reduction of 2-allyl-1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)piperidin-3-one (I) by means of Baker's yeast and sucrose in ethanol/water gives a mixture of unreacted (R)-piperidinone (II) and the desired (2S,3S)-piperidinol (III), which are easily separated by chromatography. The bromination of (III) with NBS in acetonitrile yields the furo piperidine (IV), which is treated with potassium tert-butoxide and NBS in methanol to afford the methoxy compound (V). The condensation of (V) with quinazolinone (VI) by means of K2CO3 in DMF provides the adduct (VII), which is deprotected by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in methanol to give isofebrifugine (VIII). Finally, this compound is converted into the target febrifugine by treatment with water at 80 C.

1 Takeuchi, Y.; et al.; Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-febrifugine and (+)-isofebrifugine using yeast reduction. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7, 1213.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(I) 51238 benzyl 2-allyl-3-oxo-1-piperidinecarboxylate C16H19NO3 详情 详情
(II) 51239 benzyl (2R)-2-allyl-3-oxo-1-piperidinecarboxylate C16H19NO3 详情 详情
(III) 51240 benzyl (2S,3S)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-1-piperidinecarboxylate C16H21NO3 详情 详情
(IV) 51241 benzyl (3aS,7aS)-2-(bromomethyl)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-4(2H)-carboxylate C16H20BrNO3 详情 详情
(V) 51242 benzyl (3aS,7aS)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-methoxyhexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-4(2H)-carboxylate C17H22BrNO4 详情 详情
(VI) 14634 4(3H)-quinazolinone C8H6N2O 详情 详情
(VII) 51243 benzyl (3aS,7aS)-2-hydroxy-2-[[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]methyl]hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-4(2H)-carboxylate C24H25N3O5 详情 详情
(VIII) 38272 3-[[(3aS,7aS)-2-hydroxyoctahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone C16H19N3O3 详情 详情

合成路线5

The dihydroxylation of 2-[3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-propenyl]furan (I) with OsO4 and NMO gives the racemic diol (II), which is oxidized with MCPBA to yield the dhydropyranone (III). The cyclization of (III) by means of Ts-OH affords the racemic bicyclic enone (IV), which is reduced with NaBH4 to the racemic alcohol (V). The reaction of (V) with Ac2O and pyridine provides the racemic acetate (VI), which is treated with Lipase PS and vinyl acetate, furnishing a mixture of unreacted chiral acetate (-)-(VI) and the chiral alcohol (+)-(VII), which are easily separated. The reduction of (-)-(VII) with H2 over PtO2 gives the bicyclic alcohol (VIII), which is treated with Ms-Cl and TEA to yield the mesylate (IX). The reaction of (IX) with sodium azide in THF affords the azido derivative (X), which is reduced with LiAlH4 in THF to provide the bicyclic amine (XI). The protection of (XI) with benzyl chloroformate gives the carbamate (XII), which is alkylated with allyl bromide (XIII) and NaH in DMF to yield the N-allyl carbamate (XIV). The desilylation of (XIV) with TBAF, followed by a treatment with Ms-Cl and TEA, affords the mesylate (XV). The reaction of (XV) with LiI, and then reaction of the intermediate iodide with Zn/HOAc, provides the hemiacetal (XVI), which is further reduced with NaBH4 in ethanol to give the dihydroxydiene (XVII). The ring-closing metathesis reaction of (XVII) by means of Grubbs' catalyst yields the tetrahydropyridine (XVIII), which is reduced with H2 over PtO2 to afford the chiral dihydroxy piperidine (XIX). The reaction of (XIX) with diphenyl disulfide and tributyl phosphine provides the thioether (XX), which is treated with benzyl bromide and NaH to give the piperidin benzyl ether (XXI).

1 Taniguchi, T.; et al.; Lipase-mediated preparation of sugar building blocks. Synthesis 1999, 8, 1325.
2 Taniguchi, T.; Ofasawara, K.; A diastereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-febrifugine: A potent antimalarial piperidine alkaloid. Org Lett 2000, 2, 20, 3193.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(rac)-(VI) 51249 (rac)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-yl acetate C15H26O5Si 详情 详情
(-)-(VI) 51263 (-)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-yl acetate C15H26O5Si 详情 详情
(+)(VII) 65206 (+)-7-({[(1,1-dimethylethyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ol C13H24O4Si 详情 详情
(I) 51244 tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl (E)-3-(2-furyl)-2-propenyl ether; tert-butyl[[(E)-3-(2-furyl)-2-propenyl]oxy]dimethylsilane C13H22O2Si 详情 详情
(II) 51245 (1S,2R)-3-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-1-(2-furyl)-1,2-propanediol C13H24O4Si 详情 详情
(III) 51246 (2S)-2-((1R)-2-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-1-hydroxyethyl)-6-hydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one C13H24O5Si 详情 详情
(IV) 51247 7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one C13H22O4Si 详情 详情
(V) 51248 (rac)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ol C13H24O4Si 详情 详情
(VIII) 51250 7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-ol C13H26O4Si 详情 详情
(IX) 51251 7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-yl methanesulfonate C14H28O6SSi 详情 详情
(X) 51252 [[(2S)-2-azido-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl]methoxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane; [(2S)-2-azido-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl]methyl tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl ether C13H25N3O3Si 详情 详情
(XI) 51253 (2S)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ylamine; (2S)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-amine C13H27NO3Si 详情 详情
(XII) 51254 benzyl (2S)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ylcarbamate C21H33NO5Si 详情 详情
(XIII) 11463 3-Bromo-1-propene; 3-Bromopropene;allyl bromide 106-95-6 C3H5Br 详情 详情
(XIV) 51255 benzyl allyl[(2S)-7-([[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-yl]carbamate C24H37NO5Si 详情 详情
(XV) 51256 ((2S)-2-[allyl[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl)methyl methanesulfonate C19H25NO7S 详情 详情
(XVI) 51257 benzyl allyl[(2S,3R)-6-hydroxy-2-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]carbamate C18H23NO4 详情 详情
(XVII) 51258 benzyl allyl[(1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-butenyl]carbamate C18H25NO4 详情 详情
(XVIII) 51259 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyridinecarboxylate C16H21NO4 详情 详情
(XIX) 51260 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate C16H23NO4 详情 详情
(XX) 51261 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-[3-(phenylsulfanyl)propyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate C22H27NO3S 详情 详情
(XXI) 51262 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-[3-(phenylsulfanyl)propyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate C29H33NO3S 详情 详情

合成路线6

The desulfurization of (XXI) with H2O2 and CaCO3 gives the chiral allylpiperidine (XXII), which is epoxidized by oxidation with OsO4, reaction of Ts-OH and treatment with K2CO3 to yield the epoxide (XXIII). The condensation of (XXIII) with quinazolinone (XXIV) by means of KOH in methanol affords the substituted propanol (XXV), which is oxidized with DMP to provide the propanone derivative (XXVI). Finally, compound (XXVI) is deprotected by treatment with refluxing 6N HCl to give the target febrifugine.

1 Taniguchi, T.; Ofasawara, K.; A diastereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-febrifugine: A potent antimalarial piperidine alkaloid. Org Lett 2000, 2, 20, 3193.
中间体序号 中间体编号 品名 CAS号 分子式 供应商 用于合成
(XXI) 50262 3-hydroxypropyl methanesulfonate C4H10O4S 详情 详情
(XXII) 51264 benzyl (2R,3S)-2-allyl-3-(benzyloxy)-1-piperidinecarboxylate C23H27NO3 详情 详情
(XXIII) 51265 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate C23H27NO4 详情 详情
(XXIV) 14634 4(3H)-quinazolinone C8H6N2O 详情 详情
(XXV) 51266 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-[2-hydroxy-3-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]propyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate C31H33N3O5 详情 详情
(XXVI) 51267 benzyl (2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-[2-oxo-3-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]propyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate C31H31N3O5 详情 详情
Extended Information