合成路线1

2-Iodoisophthalic acid (II) is reacted with o-toluidine (I) to give 2-N-(2-methylphenyl)aminoisophthalic acid (III). Cyclization with concentrated H2SO4 provides the 5-methyl-9-oxoacridan-4-carboxylic acid (IV). Conversion of this compound to 5-methyl-9-chloroacridine-4-carbonyl chloride (V) and subsequent selective reaction first with methylamine to provide the methylcarboxamide (VI) and secondly with 4-amino-3-methoxymethanesulfonanilide (VII) gives the hydrochloride salt (VIII) of the desired compound. Conversion via the free base to the isethionate salt provides CI-921.

合成路线2

L-Picolinic acid (II) is protected with benzyl chloroformiate (VII) to afford compound (VIII), which is condensed with 2-methylaniline (IX) by means SOCl2/DMAP to yield amide (X). This compound (X) is methylated by treatment with palladium acetate (Pd(Oac)2) to obtain compound (XI), which is deprotected by means HBr to yield compound (V). Finally, this compound (V) is alkylated with 1-iodopropane by means potassium carbonate (K2CO3) to yield Ropivacaine.

合成路线3

The reaction of 3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester (I) with 2-pentanone (II) by means of LDA gives 1-(3-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)hexane-1,3-dione (III), which is condensed with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMFA) yielding the enamine (IV). The cyclization of (IV) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C affords quinolone (V), which is treated with refluxing POCl3 to give 1-(4-chloro-8-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-butanone (VI). Finally, this compound is condensed with o-toluidine in refluxing dioxane. The intermediate, the quinolone (V) has also been obtained as follows: The reaction of 1-chloro-1-hexen-3-one (VIII) with NaOH in methanol gives 3-oxohexanal (IX) (enol form), which is condensed with 2-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (X) yielding the enamine (XI). Finally, this compound is cyclized by means of sodium methoxide to afford the desired quinolone (V).

合成路线4

The condensation of 8-methoxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (XII) with o-toluidine (VII) gives the secondary amine (XIII), which is brominated with NBS to the 3-bromo derivative (XIV). Finally, this compound is condensed with N-methoxy-N-methylbutyramide (XV) by means of BuLi to afford the target compound.

合成路线5

The condensation of ethoxymethylenemalonic acid diethyl ester (XVI) with 2-methoxyaniline (XVII) in hot toluene gives the aminomethylene derivative (XVIII), which is cyclized with POCl3 and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at 100 C yielding 8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (XIX), which is hydrolyzed with NaOH in methanol to the corresponding free acid (XX), and treated with refluxing SOCl2 to afford 4-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonyl chloride (XXI). The reaction of (XXI) with dimethylamine gives the corresponding amide (XXII), which is condensed with o-toluidine (VII) in refluxing dioxane yielding the expected secondary amine (XXIII). Finally, this compound is treated with propylmagnesium chloride (XXIV) to afford the target compound.

合成路线6

The reaction of acyl chloride (XXI) with propylmagnesium chloride (XXIV) gives 1-(4-chloro-8-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-butanone (XXV), which is finally condensed with o-toluidine (VII) in refluxing dioxane to afford the target compound.

合成路线7

The cyclization of (XVIII) in refluxing POCl3 gives 4-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (XXVI), which is condensed with o-toluidine (VII) in refluxing dioxane yielding the secondary amine (XXVII). Finally, this compound is condensed with propylmagnesium chloride (XXIV) to afford the target compound.

合成路线8

2) The protection of L-pipecolic acid (II) with benzyl chloroformate (VII) gives the benzyloxycarbonyl compound (VIII), which is condensed with o-toluidine (IX) by means of SOCl2 and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) yielding the amide (X). The methylation of (X) with methyl iodide and palladium diacetate in acetic acid affords the 2,6-xylidide (XI), which is deprotected with HBr in acetic acid to give L-pipecolic acid 2,6-xylidide (V). Finally, this compound is alkylated with propyl iodide and K2CO3 in acetonitrile.

合成路线9

This compound has been obtained by several related ways: 1) The reaction of ethyl butyrylacetate (I) with triethyl orthoformate and Ac2O gives acrylate (II), which by reaction with o-toluidine (III) yields the aminoacrylate (IV). The cyclization of (IV) by heating at 255 C in diphenyl ether affords the quinolone (V), which is treated with refluxing POCl3 to give 1-(4-chloro-8-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-butanone (VI). The demethylation of (VI) with AlCl3 or BBr3 yields the 8-hydroxyquinoline (VII), which is condensed with o-toluidine (VIII) in refluxing dioxane affording 1-[8-hydroxy-4-(2-methylphenylamino)quinolin-3-yl-1-butanone (IX). Finally, this compound is condensed with 2-bromomethanol (X) by means of potassium tert-butoxide or with ethylene carbonate (XI) by means of K2CO3. 2) The condensation of chloroquinoline (VI) with o-toluidine (VIII) in refluxing dioxane gives 1-[8-methoxy-4-(2-methylphenylamino)quinolin-3-yl-1-butanone (XII), which is demethylated with AlCl3 or BBr3 as before yielding the previously reported 1-[8-hydroxy-4-(2-methylphenylamino)quinolin-3-yl-1-butanone (IX).

合成路线10

The condensation of 8-methoxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (XXI) with o-toluidine (VIII) gives the secondary amine (XXII), which is brominated with NBS to the 3-bromo derivative (XXIII). Finally, this compound is condensed with N-methoxy-N-methylbutyramide (XXIV) by means of BuLi to afford intermediate (XII).

合成路线11

The condensation of ethoxymethylenemalonic acid diethyl ester (XXV) with 2-methoxyaniline (XXVI) in hot toluene gives the aminomethylene derivative (XXVII), which is cyclized with POCl3 and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at 100 C yielding 8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (XXVIII), which is hydrolyzed with NaOH in methanol to the corresponding free acid (XXIX), and treated with refluxing SOCl2 to afford 4-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonyl chloride (XXX). The reaction of (XXX) with dimethylamine gives the corresponding amide (XXXI), which is condensed with o-toluidine (VIII) in refluxing dioxane yielding the expected secondary amine (XXXII). Finally, this compound is treated with propylmagnesium chloride (XXXIII) to afford the intermediate (XII).

合成路线12

The reaction of acyl chloride (XXX) with propylmagnesium chloride (XXXIII) gives 1-(4-chloro-8-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-butanone (XXXIV), which is finally condensed with o-toluidine (VIII) in refluxing dioxane to afford the intermediate (XII).

合成路线13

The cyclization of (XXVII) in refluxing POCl3 gives 4-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (XXXV), which is condensed with o-toluidine (VIII) in refluxing dioxane yielding the secondary amine (XXXVI). Finally, this compound is condensed with propylmagnesium chloride (XXXIII) to afford the intermediate (XII).

合成路线14

A new synthesis of FK-1052 has been performed by two closely related ways: 1) The reaction of 2-methylaniline (I) with glutaric anhydride (II) gives the corresponding glutarimide (III), which is brominated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and benzoyl peroxide in CCl4 to the bromomethyl derivative (IV). The reaction of (IV) with triphenylphosphine yields the phosphonium bromide (V), which, by an intramolecular Wittig reaction with 1,8 diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in DMF affords 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]indol-6-one (VI). The condensation of (VI) with 5-methyl-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (VII) by means of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF gives the condensed methanol derivative (VIII), which is acetylated with acetic anhydride and pyridine to the acetoxy compound (IX), and converted into the olefine (X) by reaction with DBU in toluene. Elimination of the triphenylmethyl group of (X) with aqueous acetic acid gives 7-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethylene)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]indol-6-one (XI), which is hydrogenated over Pd/C and ammonium formate in THF/water to afford the saturated compound (XII). Optical resolution of (XII) with di-p-toluyl-D-tartaric acid as usual, gives the (+)-enantiomer (XIII), which is treated with paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine in aqueous acetic acid to yield the (+)-dimethylaminomethyl compound (XIV). Finally, the dimethylamino group is eliminated with Pd/C and ammonium formate in THF/ethanol/water. 2) The final steps of the preceding sequence can also be performed in reverse order: The racemic compound (XII) is first treated with paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine as before to give the racemic dimethylaminomethyl compound (XVI), which is deaminated with Pd/C and ammonium formate as before to the racemic FK-1052 (XVI). Finally, this compound is submitted to optical resolution with di-p-toluyl-D-tartaric acid as before.

合成路线15

The condensation of 2-methylaniline (I) with 2-fluorobenzonitrile (II) by means of BCl3 and AlCl3 gives 2-amino-2'-fluoro-3-methylbenzophenone (III), which is acylated at the amino group with bromoacetyl bromide (IV) in pyridine yielding the bromoacetamide (V). The cyclization of (V) with hydroxylamine and NaOH affords the benzodiazepinone-N-oxide (VI), which is treated with acetic anhydride to provide 3-acetoxy-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-9-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (VII). The reaction of (VII) with potassium phthalimide (VIII) and NaI gives the phthalimido derivative (IX), which by cleavage with hydrazine yields 3-amino-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-9-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (X). The protection of the amino group of (X) with Boc2O and TEA affords the carbamate (XI), which is alkylated with ethyl bromoacetate (XII) by means of NaH giving the ethoxycarbonylmethyl derivative (XIII). The hydrolysis of (XIII) with NaOH affords the corresponding carboxymethyl derivative (XIV), which is condensed with 3-azabicyclo[3,2,2]nonane (XV) by means of HOBT, WSCD and TEA to give the expected amide (XVI). The cleavage of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group of (XVI) with HCl yields the amine (XVII), which is finally condensed with the activated carbamate (XVIII) to furnish the title compound.

合成路线16

Diethyl malonate (I) was alkylated with 2-bromoethyl ethyl ether (II) in the presence of NaOEt to provide diethyl 2-(ethoxyethyl)malonate (III). Treatment of 2-chloronitrobenzene (IV) with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (V) afforded the trifluoroethyl ether (VI). Subsequent reduction of the nitro group of (VI) by means of iron in acetic acid gave aniline (VII), which was condensed with malonate (III) in refluxing diphenyl ether, yielding furoquinoline (VIII). Further reaction of (VIII) with o-toluidine (IX) in boiling diethylene glycol produced the tetrahydropyrroloquinoline (X). Aromatization of the pyrrole ring of (X) to give (XI) was achieved by dehydrogenation in diphenyl ether in the presence of Pd/C. Chloroquinoline (XII) was then obtained by chlorination of (XI) with POCl3. Finally, displacement of the chlorine atom of (XII) by means of ethanolamine at 180 C furnished the title compound.

合成路线17

Copper-catalyzed coupling of o-toluidine (I) with 2-bromo-3-nitrobenzoic acid (II) gave the N-aryl-3-nitroanthranilic acid (III). Reductive cyclization with NaBH4 in the presence NaOEt produced the desired phenazine (V) along with amino anthranilic acid (VI), which were separated by fractional crystallization. Carboxylic acid (V) was then activated as the imidazolide (VI) upon treatment with carbonyl diimidazole. Finally, coupling of triethylenetetramine (VII) with two equivalents of imidazolide (VI) produced the title diamide.

合成路线18